Table 2

Different aetiologies associated with episodic movement disorders resembling paroxysmal dyskinesias

Immune-mediated disorders	Multiple sclerosis48 ^S26 Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis^S27 Voltage-gated potassium channel complex protein antibody encephalitis^S28 Anti-Caspr2 syndrome^S29 Hashimoto encephalopathy^S30 Antiphospholipid syndrome^S31 Parry-Romberg syndrome^S32 Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome^S33
Vascular	Stroke48 ^S34 ^S35 Moyamoya^{S35 S36} Cerebral palsy^S37
Metabolic causes	Hypo/hyperglycaemia^{S35 S38 S39} Hypocalcaemia/hypoparathyroidism/pseudohypoparathyroidism^{S35 S40 S42} Thyrotoxicosis/hypothyroidism^{S43 S44} Wilson’s disease^S45 Maple syrup urine disease^S54 Lesch-Nyhan disease^S55
Trauma	Central and peripheral48 ^S35
Other	Basal ganglia calcifications^S46-S48 Central pontine myelinolysis^{S35 S50} Kernicterus48 ^S35 Encephalitis/postinfectious48 ^{S35 S51} Brain neoplasm^{S35 S52} Neurodegenerative disorders,including early-onset Parkinson's disease^{S35 S53}