Baseline characteristics of patients with Tourette syndrome receiving deep brain stimulation therapy
| Characteristics | Patients, number/total number with data (%) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 76/110 (69.1%) |
| Female | 34/110 (30.9%) |
| Age, mean (SD, range) years | |
| At onset (n=59 patients) | 8.0 (3.8, 2.0–20.0) |
| At diagnosis (n=17 patients) | 10.8 (5.6, 3.0–23.0) |
| At surgery (n=110 patients) | 30.1 (10.9, 14.0–61.0) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Obsessive–compulsive behaviour | 56/80 (70.0%) |
| Depression | 28/43 (65.1%) |
| Anxiety | 23/39 (59.0%) |
| Attention deficit disorder (or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) | 8/24 (33.3%) |
| Clinical rating scale scores, mean (SD) | |
| Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) total score (n=110) | 69.4 (22.6) |
| YGTSS motor score (n=61) | 22.6 (5.4) |
| YGTSS phonic score (n=61) | 20.1 (8.2) |
| YGTSS impairment score (n=48) | 40.7 (13.0) |
| Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale total score (n=68) | 18.5 (11.8) |
| Target brain region (bilateral) | |
| Centromedial (CM) thalamus | 51/110 (46.4%) |
| Anterior globus pallidus internus (GPi) | 27/110 (24.5%) |
| Posterior GPi | 20/110 (18.2%) |
| Nucleus accumbens area/anterior limb of internal capsule (NA/ALIC) | 4/110 (3.6%) |
| CM thalamus and anterior GPi | 3/110 (2.7%) |
| CM thalamus and NA/ALIC | 5/110 (4.5%) |