Demographics, medical history and stroke characteristics of participants
| Age (years) | Mean (SD), range | 62.4 (10.8), 41–79 |
| Sex | ||
| Male:female | n (%) | 13 (57): 10 (43) |
| Race | ||
| White/Caucasian | n (%) | 22 (96) |
| Asian | n (%) | 1 (4) |
| Medical history | ||
| Hypertension | n (%) | 12 (52) |
| Atrial fibrillation | n (%) | 5 (22) |
| Previous stroke | n (%) | 5 (22) |
| Ischaemic heart disease | n (%) | 3 (13) |
| Current or previous smoker | n (%) | 16 (70) |
| Diabetes | n (%) | 2 (9) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | n (%) | 2 (9) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never smoked | n (%) | 7 (30) |
| Previous smoker | n (%) | 13 (57) |
| Current smoker | n (%) | 3 (13) |
| Stroke characteristics | ||
| Onset to enrolment months | Median (IQR), range | 7 (IQR 5), range 2–13 |
| Affected hemisphere | n (%) | Left 9 (39); Right 14 (61) |
| Location of infarct | ||
| Cortical | n (%) | 12 (52) |
| Subcortical | n (%) | 12 (52) |
| Basal ganglia | n (%) | 8 (35) |
| Internal capsule | n (%) | 7 (30) |
| Corona radiata | n (%) | 5 (22) |
| Other | n (%) | 2 (9) |
| Both cortical and subcortical | n (%) | 7 (30) |
| OCSP classification | ||
| TACS | n (%) | 10 (43.48) |
| PACS | n (%) | 8 (34.78) |
| LACS | n (%) | 5 (21.74) |
| NIHSS | Median (range) | 6 (3–15) |
| UL=2 | n (%) | 9 (39) |
| UL=3 | n (%) | 5 (22) |
| UL=4 | n (%) | 9 (39) |
| Barthel Index | Median (range) | 70 (15–100) |
| Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) | Median (range) | 3 (2–5) |
| mRS 2 | n (%) | 3 (13) |
| mRS 3 | n (%) | 11 (48) |
| mRS 4 | n (%) | 8 (35) |
| mRS 5 | n (%) | 1 (4) |
| Fugl-Meyer Assessment (n=8) | Median (range) | |
| UL | 6 (2–22) | |
| Lower limb | Median (range) | 18.5 (2–28) |
| Total Motor Score | Median (range) | 31.5 (4–47) |
| Action Research Arm Test | ||
| Total Score, affected arm | Median (range) | 0 (0–7) |
LACS, lacunar stroke syndrome; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; OCSP, signifies Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project; PACS, partial anterior circulation stroke; TACS, total anterior circulation stroke; UL, upper limb.