Meta-analysis of the associations of baseline factors with the presence of FLAIR-HAs
| Factors | No of studies (patients) | Reference number of included studies besides ENCHANTED | Risk ratio or mean difference (95% CI) | Heterogeneity I2 (%) |
| Clinical factors | ||||
| Age (year) (with FLAIR-HAs vs without) | 14 (1304) | 6 9 10 23 25 31 34–38 42 43 | −0.81 (−3.27 to 1.66) | 61.9 |
| Male vs female | 18 (1950) | 6 7 9 10 13 23 29 31 33–38 42 43 48 | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.02) | 27.4 |
| With hypertension vs without | 17 (1838) | 6 7 9 10 13 23 29 31 33–38 42 48 | 0.94 (0.87 to 1.02) | 20.1 |
| With DM vs without | 17 (1839) | 6 7 9 10 13 23 29 31 33–38 42 48 | 0.97 (0.89 to 1.06) | 0.0 |
| With dyslipidaemia vs without | 15 (1594) | 6 7 9 10 13 23 29 31 33–37 48 | 1.03 (0.93 to 1.13) | 27.0 |
| With AF vs without | 15 (1480) | 9 10 12 13 23 29 31 33–35 37 42 43 48 | 1.17 (1.01 to 1.36) | 64.7 |
| With CAD vs without | 6 (775) | 10 31 33 42 43 | 1.06 (0.87 to 1.29) | 42.3 |
| With prior stroke/TIA vs without | 6 (694) | 13 23 31 43 48 | 0.87 (0.64 to 1.19) | 54.2 |
| Smoking vs no | 14 (1608) | 6 7 9 23 29 33–37 42 43 48 | 0.94 (0.85 to 1.03) | 17.2 |
| Imaging factors | ||||
| With proximal arterial occlusion vs without | 12 (1564) | 7 10 12 13 23 34 38 40 42 43 48 | 1.88 (1.28 to 2.77) | 91.3 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; CAD, coronary artery disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; ENCHANTED, Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke Study; FLAIR-HAs, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense arteries; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.