PTH-CH | Control cohort | P value | |
(n=21) | (n=553) | ||
Demographics | |||
Age (years) | 49.3±11.9 | 48.8±12.4 | 0.56 |
Gender (male/female) | 15/6 | 379/174 | 0.77 |
Follow-up duration (years) | 6.47±3.0 | 6.04±2.8 | 0.43 |
Age at onset (years) | 32.9±14.4 | 31.3±13.6 | 0.56 |
Family history of CH | 4 (19.0) | 50 (9.0) | 0.12 |
Headache diagnosis | |||
CH | |||
ECH and/or PECH | 4 (19.1) | 274 (49.5) | 0.006 |
CCH and/or PCCH | 17 (80.9) | 279 (50.4) | |
Associated migraine | |||
Episodic migraine | 5 (23.8) | 99 (17.9) | 0.49 |
Chronic migraine | 4 (19.0) | 42 (7.6) | 0.05 |
Duration and frequency of attacks | |||
Usual duration (min) | 97.8±56.0 | 90.8±64.0 | 0.44 |
Average frequency per day | 3.0±1.5 | 2.8±2.1 | 0.08 |
Laterality | |||
Strictly unilateral | 16 (76.1) | 444 (80.2) | 0.64 |
Side variable | 5 (23.8) | 91 (16.4) | 0.37 |
Bilateral | 0 | 18 (3.2) | 0.4 |
Site and referred pain | |||
Orbital/retro-orbital | 11 | 398 | 0.05 |
Frontal | 6 | 176 | 0.75 |
Temple | 11 | 267 | 0.71 |
Parietal | 8 | 89 | 0.008 |
Occiput | 5 | 111 | 0.67 |
Cranial autonomic features and restlessness | |||
Ptosis | 16 | 304 | 0.05 |
Eyelid oedema | 12 | 192 | 0.03 |
Conjunctival injection | 15 | 365 | 0.6 |
Miosis | 1 | 22 | 0.85 |
Lacrimation | 16 | 428 | 0.89 |
Nasal blockage | 14 | 320 | 0.42 |
Rhinorrhoea | 13 | 330 | 0.83 |
Facial sweating | 14 | 265 | 0.09 |
Facial flush | 9 | 208 | 0.63 |
Aural fullness | 3 | 86 | 0.87 |
Restlessness | 20 (95.2) | 428 (83.9) | 0.06 |
Response to medical treatment | |||
Acute treatment | |||
Intractable | 2 | 16 | 0.23 |
Indeterminate | 4 | 130 | |
Responsive | 16 | 407 | |
Preventive treatment | |||
Intractable | 9 | 89 | 0.002 |
Indeterminate | 8 | 210 | |
Responsive | 4 | 254 |
Mean±SD for quantitative data; n (%) for qualitative data.
CCH, chronic cluster headache; CH, cluster headache; ECH, episodic cluster headache; PCCH, probable chronic cluster headache; PECH, probable episodic cluster headache; PTH-CH, post-traumatic headache with cluster headache phenotype.