Table 4

Recommendations for outcome measurement in FND

Outcome domainRecommended measuresSupplementary/alternative measures
Core FND symptoms

  • CGI-I patient (+/-clinician, +/-carer).

  • Seizure frequency, prospective daily seizure log (for seizures).

  • S-FMDRS or PMDRS (for FMD).

Other physical symptoms

  • PHQ-15.

  • Extended PHQ-15.

  • SCL-90.

Psychological symptoms

  • HADS

    or

  • BDI/BDI-II+BAI.

  • HAM-D+HAM-A.

Life impactQuality of Life

  • SF-36.


And/or
General (social/occupational) functioning

  • WSAS.

  • QoLIE-31/10 (for seizures).

  • GAF.

Health economics/cost–utilityHealthcare resource use

  • Healthcare contacts (total, inpatient admissions, inpatient days, ED/outpatient visits).

  • CSRI.

  • Scale validated for QALY conversion (EQ-5D-5L or SF-36).

AEsAEs, SAEs and mortality.

  • AE, adverse event; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression inventory; CGI-I, Clinical Global Impression–Improvement; CSRI, Client Service Receipt Inventory; ED, emergency department; FMD, functional movement disorder; FND, functional neurological disorder; GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; HADS, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale; HAM-A, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety; HAM-D, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; PHQ-15, Patient Health Questionnaire-15; PMDRS, Psychogenic Movement Disorder Rating Scale; QALY, quality-adjusted life years; QoLIE-10, Quality of Life in Epilepsy-10; QoLIE-31, Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31; SAE, serious adverse event; SCL-90, Symptom Checklist-90; SF-36, Short Form Health Survey-36; S-FMDRS, Simplified Functional Movement Disorder Rating Scale; WSAS, Work and Social Adjustment Scale.