Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with FTLD and controls
| Variable | FTLD | Controls | |||||
| bvFTD | avPPA | svPPA | CBS | PSP | AD | HC | |
| Number | 134 | 48 | 27 | 51 | 31 | 63 | 63 |
| Age, years | 64.5±8.0 | 67.7±8.8 | 64.0±8.2 | 65.8±7.6 | 72.9±7.4 | 75.5±8.1 | 65.4±12.1 |
| Sex, female % | 58.2 | 43.8 | 59.3 | 52.9 | 51.6 | 31.7 | 20.6 |
| Age at onset, years | 61.5±7.8 | 64.9±8.6 | 60.5±8.0 | 63.2±7.5 | 68.8±7.3 | 74.0±8.3 | – |
| Disease duration, years | 2.9±2.8 | 2.8±2.6 | 3.3±2.2 | 2.5±1.8 | 4.1±2.8 | 1.5±1.7 | – |
| Monogenic disease, n (%) | 20 (14.9) | 12 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
| FTLD-CDR | 7.9±5.3 | 6.2±5.1 | 5.7±3.6 | 4.3±5.3 | 4.2±5.1 | – | – |
| MMSE | 21.0±7.65 | 18.7±9.9 | 21.7±8.3 | 24.7±4.6 | 24.1±7.0 | 19.5±4.7 | – |
| Serum NfL (pg/mL) | |||||||
| mean±SEM | 43.0±2.4 | 54.6±3.9 | 33.3±5.2 | 36.5±3.8 | 30.4±4.9 | 32.7±3.6 | 14.2±3.5 |
| 95% CI | 38.3–47.8 | 46.9–62.3 | 23.0–43.6 | 29.1–44.0 | 20.7–40.1 | 25.6–39.9 | 7.4–21.1 |
| Serum p-Tau 181 (pg/mL) | |||||||
| mean±SEM | 2.5±0.7 | 3.3±1.1 | 3.8±1.5 | 7.1±1.1 | 3.9±1.4 | 16.4±1.1 | 5.4±1.0 |
| 95% CI | 1.1–3.8 | 1.1–5.5 | 0.8–6.8 | 4.9–9.3 | 1.0–6.7 | 14.3–18.5 | 3.5–7.5 |
Results are expressed as mean±SD, unless otherwise specified. Monogenic disease: all GRN mutations, but three MAPT mutations (two bvFTD and one CBS).
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; avPPA, agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia; bvFTD, behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia; CBS, corticobasal syndrome; FTLD, frontotemporal lobar degeneration; FTLD-CDR, frontotemporal lobar degeneration-modified clinical dementia rating scale; HC, healthy controls; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NfL, neurofilament light chain; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy; svPPA, semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia.