Participant characteristics
| Healthy controls | AD/MCI | P value | ||
| N | 14 | 28 | ||
| Demographics | ||||
| Sex† | % Female | 42.9% | 42.9% | 1.000 |
| Age (years)‡ | Mean (SD) | 70.4 (6.4) | 72.2 (8.7) | 0.480 |
| Education (years)§ | Mean (SD) | 14.4 (2.8) | 13.1 (3.1) | 0.147 |
| Hypertension† | % Present | 21.4% | 25.0% | 0.798 |
| Hyperlipidaemia† | % Present | 14.3% | 33.3% | 0.192 |
| Diabetes mellitus† | % Present | 7.1% | 7.1% | 1.000 |
| History of smoking† | % Present | 50.0% | 17.9% | 0.030* |
| Current smoker† | % Present | 0.0% | 7.1% | 0.306 |
| Cognition | ||||
| MMSE§ | Mean (SD) | 28.9 (1.1) | 25.3 (2.5) | <0.001*** |
| ACE-R‡ | Mean (SD) | 93.5 (4.4) | 77.8 (8.9) | <0.001*** |
| RAVLT‡ | Mean (SD) | 44.6 (9.1) | 25.0 (8.7) | <0.001*** |
| Imaging features | ||||
| WMH volume§¶ | Mean (SD) | 0.28 (0.26) | 0.73 (0.58) | 0.017* |
| Whole brain(11C)PK11195‡ | Mean (SD) | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.197 |
| EPVS (basal ganglia)†† | Mean (SD) | 1.43 (0.65) | 1.54 (0.74) | 0.678 |
| CMB† | % Present | 42.9% | 32.1% | 0.495 |
| Lacunes† | % Present | 42.9% | 46.4% | 0.826 |
| Global SVD score (0–4)†† | Mean (SD) | 1.43 (1.22) | 1.79 (1.34) | 0.443 |
| CAA score (0–4)†† | Mean (SD) | 1.00 (1.04) | 1.57 (1.40) | 0.235 |
| HA score (0–4)†† | Mean (SD) | 0.57 (0.85) | 0.96 (1.07) | 0.254 |
*p<0.05; ***p<0.001.
†χ2 test of independence.
‡T-test.
§Mann-Whitney U test.
¶Normalised volume adjusted for TIV: (volume in mL/TIV) × 100%.
††Kruskal-Wallis test.
ACE-R, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CAA, cerebral amyloid angiopathy; CMB, cerebral microbleeds; EPVS, enlarged perivascular spaces; HA, hypertensive arteriopathy; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination (amyloid-positive); RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; SVD, small vessel disease; TIV, total intracranial volume; WMH, white matter hyperintensities.