Distribution of the clinical and paraclinical features in the overall cohort and the clinical groups defined in the cluster analysis
| Total | LE/− | LE/+ | PNH/+ | PNH/− | |
| n=56 (%) | n=18 (32.1) | n=11 (19.6) | n=16 (28.6) | n=11 (19.6) | |
| Male | 46 (82.1) | 17 (94.4) | 11 (100) | 12 (75) | 6 (54.5) |
| Median age (range) | 61 (27–82) | 66 (53–78) | 68 (57–82) | 57.5 (29–78) | 57 (27–71) |
| Memory impairment | 31 (55.4) | 16 (88.9) | 11 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (36.4) |
| Dysexecutive syndrome | 22 (39.3) | 14 (77.8) | 7 (63.6%) | 1 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| TLE | 31 (55.4) | 17 (94.4) | 10 (90.9) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (36.4) |
| Behavioural disorder | 17 (30.4) | 4 (22.2) | 7 (63.6) | 6 (37.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Permanent ataxia | 17 (30.4) | 1 (5.6) | 8 (72.7) | 7 (43.8) | 1 (9.1) |
| Paroxysmal ataxia | 10 (17.9) | 2 (11.1) | 6 (54.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (18.2) |
| Altered general state | 21 (37.5) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (72.7) | 12 (75.0) | 1 (9.1) |
| Weight loss | 18 (32.1) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (72.7) | 9 (56.2) | 1 (9.1) |
| HMD | 14 (25.0) | 1 (5.6) | 4 (36.4) | 8 (50.0) | 1 (9.1) |
| Insomnia—non-characterised | 5 (8.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 4 (25.0) | 1 (9.1) |
| Major insomnia | 6 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (9.1) | 5 (31.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Nocturnal hallucinations | 7 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (43.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Agrypnia excitata* | 6 (40.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (33.3) | 5 (83.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Sleep apnoea* | 9 (60.0) | 2 (100) | 3 (100) | 1 (16.7) | 3 (75.0) |
| PNH | 28 (50.0) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (100.0) | 11 (100) |
| Functional impairment due to PNH | 13 (23.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (75.0) | 1 (9.1) |
| Generalised PNH | 18 (32.1) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (81.3) | 4 (36.4) |
| Severe signs of PNH on ENMG* | 21 (60.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (100.0) | 6 (54.5) |
| Dysautonomia | 21 (37.5) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (27.3) | 15 (93.8) | 3 (27.3) |
| Severe dysautonomia | 14 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (18.2) | 11 (68.8) | 1 (9.1) |
| Neuropathic pain | 21 (37.5) | 2 (11.1) | 1 (9.1) | 12 (75.0) | 6 (54.5) |
| Malignant thymoma | 14 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (87.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Myasthenia gravis | 8 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Dyspnoea | 8 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Abnormal MRI* | 18 (40.9) | 12 (70.6) | 3 (37.5) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (50.0) |
| Abnormal EEG* | 22 (50.0) | 11 (61.1) | 5 (45.5) | 3 (33.3) | 3 (50.0) |
| Inflammatory CSF* | 26 (55.3) | 14 (82.4) | 8 (72.7) | 1 (7.7) | 3 (50.0) |
*Polysomnographic recordings n=15, electroneuromyography (ENMG) n=35, MRI n=44, electroencephalography (EEG) n=44, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) n=47. Proportions (%) are expressed based on this number of patients instead of the total cohort.
HMD, hyperkinetic movement disorders; LE, limbic encephalitis; PNH, peripheral nerve hyperexcitability; TLE, temporal lobe epilepsy.