Table 4

Effect sizes for comparisons of PDT with control and CBT with control

Domain	Study	Measure	Population	Sample	Control	Type	Effect sizes (compared with control)
Domain	Study	Measure	Population	Sample	Control	Type	Treatment end	6-month follow-up	12-month follow-up
Physical symptoms	Hubschmid 201529	SDQ-20	All FND	11	12 SC	PDT	0.84*	0.38*	*
	Sharpe 201119	PHQ-15	All FND	64	63 SC	CBT	0.25	0.13
	Dallocchio 201617	PMDRS	Motor FND	11	8 SC	CBT	1.41
		PMDRS (M)					1.99
		PHQ-15					1.83
	Goldstein 201015	Seizure freq.	PNES	33	33 SMC	CBT	0.75†	0.42†
	Goldstein 202024	Seizure freq.	PNES	186	182 SMC	CBT		NC	NC
		Seizure severity						0.29	0.17
		Bothersome						0.39	0.34
Mental health	Hubschmid 201529	BDI	All FND	11	12 SC	PDT	0*	−0.52*	0*
		MADRS					−0.09*	−0.41*	0*
		SF-36 (M)					−0.05	0.24	0.98
		CGI					−0.32*	−0.12*	0.22*
	Kompoliti 201428	Ham-D	Motor FND	7	8 SC	PDT	0.59
		BAI	Motor FND				0.53
	Dallocchio 201617	Ham-D	Motor FND	11	8 SC	CBT	1.58
		BAI	Motor FND				1.31
	Sharpe 201119	HADS (A)	All FND	64	63 SC	CBT	0.36	0.36
		HADS (D)					0.29	0.32
	Goldstein 201015	HADS (A)	PNES	33	33 SMC	CBT	0.20	0.20
		HADS (D)					0.19	0.32
	Goldstein 202024	SF-12 (M)	PNES	186	182 SMC	CBT		0.32	0.16
		GAD-7						0.38	0.18
Well-being	Hubschmid 201529	SF-36	All FND	11	12 SC	PDT	−0.92	−2.22	−1.28
Well-being	Goldstein 202024	EQ5D5L	PNES	186	182	CBT		0.33	0.33
Function	Sharpe 201119	SF-12 (F)	All FND	64	63 SC	CBT	0.25	0.47
	Hubschmid 201529	Rankin	All FND	11	12 SC	PDT	−0.09*	0.31*	−0.57*
		Employment					3.76*	1.74*	0.26*
	Dallocchio 201617	PMDRS (F)	Motor FND	11	8 SC	CBT	1.44
	Goldstein 201015	WSAS	PNES	33	33 SMC	CBT	0.59	0.64
	Goldstein 202024	SF-12 (F)	PNES	186	182	CBT		0.22	0.27
		WSAS						0.39	0.36
Resource use	Hubschmid 201529	Hospital days	All FND	11	12 SC	PDT	−0.99	*	*
Resource use		A&E use					0.41	*	*

*Calculated using OR.
†Effect size provided by authors.
A&E, Accident and Emergency; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CBT, cognitive behavioural therapy; CGI, Clinical Global Impression; EQ5D5L, EuroQol 5 Dimension 5-Level Scale; FND, functional neurological disorder; GAD-7, 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale; HADS, Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Score (A=anxiety subscore/D=depression subscore); Ham-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; NC, not calculable; PDT, psychodynamic therapy; PHQ-15, 15-item Patient Health Questionnaire; PMDRS, Psychogenic Movement Disorders Rating Scale (M=motor subscore/F=function subscore); PNES, psychogenic non-epileptic seizures; SC, standard care; SDQ-20, 20-item Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SF-12/36, 12/36-item Short Form health survey (M=mental health subscore/F=function subscore); SMC, standardised medical care; WSAS, Work and Social Adjustment Scale.