Total (N=505) | non-COVID-19 (n=358) | COVID-19 (n=147) | P value | |
Demographic and clinical characteristics | ||||
Age (years) | 64.4±17.6 | 65.1±18.9 | 73.1±12.4 | <0.0001 |
Sex | 0.92 | |||
Female | 255 (50.5%) | 180 (50.3%) | 75 (51.0%) | |
Male | 250 (49.5%) | 178 (49.7%) | 72 (49.0%) | |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 290 (57.4%) | 216 (60%) | 74 (50.9%) | 0.09 |
Diabetes | 97 (19.2%) | 62 (17.3%) | 35 (23.8%) | 0.08 |
Coronary heart disease | 62 (12.3%) | 40 (11.2%) | 22 (15.2%) | 0.31 |
Chronic kidney disease | 21 (4.1%) | 16 (4.5%) | 5 (3.5%) | 0.79 |
Malignancy | 96 (19.0%) | 75 (20.9%) | 21 (14.3%) | 0.12 |
Main clinical presentation | ||||
Acute feature/symptoms | 285 (56.4%) | 203 (56.7%) | 82 (55.8%) | 0.001 |
Subacute/chronic feature/symptoms | 39 (7.7%) | 31 (8.7%) | 8 (5.5%) | |
Seizure | 54 (10.7%) | 44 (12.3%) | 10 (6.8%) | |
Altered mental state/agitation | 74 (14.7%) | 36 (10.1%) | 38 (25.9%) | |
Loss of consciousness | 21 (4.2%) | 14 (3.9%) | 7 (4.8%) | |
Headache/pain | 32 (6.3%) | 30 (8.4%) | 2 (1.4%) | |
Laboratory findings at ED | ||||
White cell count (mm3) | 8.9±4.8 | 8.6±3.2 | 9.5±7.3 | 0.07 |
Lymphocytes count (mm3) | 1.6±1.1 | 1.6±0.8 | 1.6±1.4 | 0.23 |
Platelet count per (mm3) | 249.7±96.4 | 252.6±92.1 | 243.1±105.7 | 0.32 |
Haemoglobin (g/L) | 134±17 | 135±16 | 131±18 | 0.05 |
C reactive protein (mg/L) | 19.5±41.2 | 12.8±31.9 | 34.4±53.7 | <0.0001 |
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 30.5±31.4 | 27.07±25.1 | 36.7±41.7 | 0.008 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 30.4±31.5 | 28.1±31.2 | 35.5±31.8 | 0.04 |
Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 363.1±138.7 | 339.7±122.5 | 408.7±157.1 | 0.001 |
Management and outcomes | ||||
Hospitalisation rate | 382 (75.6%) | 248 (69.3%) | 134 (91.2%) | <0.001 |
Modified Rankin Scale, preadmission | 1.1±1.3 | 1.16±1.3 | 0.9±1.0 | 0.82 |
Modified Rankin Scale, discharge | 1.9±1.5 | 1.6±1.4 | 2.6±1.6 | <0.001 |
In-hospital mortality | 53 (10.7%) | 11 (3.1%) | 43 (29.7%) | <0.001 |
Data are mean or n (%). P values were calculated by t-test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.
Significant comparisons are highlighted as boldfaced p value
ED, emergency department.