Comparisons between cases and controls, shown separately for ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage
| Ischaemic stroke | Intracerebral haemorrhage | |||||
| Cases | Controls | P value | Cases | Controls | P value | |
| All strokes (n) | 81 | 1193 | 5 | 191 | ||
| Age (years) (median (IQR)) | 74 (67–85) | 73 (61–83) | NS | 76 (67–80) | 73 (61–80) | NS |
| Men (n (%)) | 44 (54.3) | 633 (53.1) | NS | 3 (60.0) | 98 (51.3) | NS |
| Intravenous tPA (n (%)) | 10 (12.5) | 185 (15.5) | NS | |||
| Thrombectomy (n (%)) | 1 (1.3) | 71 (6.0) | NS | |||
| Ethnicity (n) | 69 | 939 | 5 | 137 | ||
| White (n (%)) | 48 (69.6) | 785 (83.6) | 0.003 | 5 (100.0) | 101 (73.7) | NS |
| Black (n (%)) | 7 (10.1) | 80 (8.5) | NS | 0 (0.0) | 18 (13.1) | NS |
| Asian (n (%)) | 13 (18.8) | 63 (6.7) | 0.0002 | 0 (0.0) | 16 (11.7) | NS |
| Mixed/other (n (%)) | 1 (1.4) | 11 (1.2) | NS | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.5) | NS |
| Admission stroke severity (n) | 70 | 1159 | 4 | 177 | ||
| NIHSS (median (IQR)) | 8 (3.25–11) | 5 (2–11) | 0.002 | 9 (3.25–14.25) | 10 (4–20) | NS |
| TOAST category (n) | 72 | 1156 | ||||
| Large vessel atherosclerosis (n (%)) | 11 (15.3) | 193 (16.7) | NS | |||
| Cardioembolic (n (%)) | 23 (31.9) | 291 (25.2) | NS | |||
| Small vessel (n (%)) | 18 (25.0) | 227 (19.6) | NS | |||
| Other (n (%)) | 20 (27.8) | 445 (38.5) | NS | |||
| Fever/cough/SOB onset date (n) | 45 | 3 | ||||
| (Symptom onset) − (stroke onset) (days) (median (IQR)) | −6 (−14 to 0) | 4 (3 to 4) | ||||
| CT or MR angiogram (n) | 39 | 627 | ||||
| No LVO (n (%)) | 23 (59.0) | 362 (57.7) | NS | |||
| Single LVO (n (%)) | 9 (23.1) | 214 (34.1) | NS | |||
| Multiple LVO (n (%)) | 7 (17.9) | 51 (8.1) | 0.03 | |||
| Full blood count (n) | 81 | 1173 | 5 | 188 | ||
| NLR (median (IQR)) | 4.7 (3.1–8.3) | 3.3 (2.2–5.8) | 0.00005 | 5.2 (3.7–8.9) | 3.9 (2.2–7) | NS |
| Platelets (median (IQR)) | 251 (185–342) | 241* (200.5–293) | NS | 273 (230–275) | 232 (185–293) | NS |
| CRP (n) | 78 | 1051 | 5 | 162 | ||
| CRP (mg/L) (median (IQR)) | 29.8 (7.4–114.9) | 5.0 (1.9–14.25) | <0.00001 | 2.9 (1.6–5.2) | 5.0 (2–13) | NS |
| D-dimer (n) | 23 | 177 | ||||
| Log10 D-dimer (ng/mL) (mean (SE)) | 3.4 (0.20) | 3.0 (0.04) | 0.01 | |||
| Outcome measures (n) | 81 | 1193 | 5 | 191 | ||
| Length of stay (days) (median (IQR)) | 7 (3–17) | 3 (2–7) | <0.00001 | 9 (7–11) | 5 (2–10) | NS |
| mRS on discharge (median (IQR)) | 4 (2–5) | 3 (1–4) | 0.00003 | 4 (3–4) | 4 (3–6) | NS |
| Death during admission (n (%)) | 16 (19.8) | 82 (6.9) | 0.00003 | 1 (20) | 51 (26.7) | NS |
| Recurrence during admission (n (%)) | 2 (2.5) | 12 (1.0) | NS | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.0) | NS |
*Omitting five patients in whom the platelets clumped.
CRP, C reactive protein; LVO, large vessel occlusion; mRS, modified Rankin scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; SOB, shortness of breath; TOAST, trial of ORG 10172 in acute stroke treatment; tPA, tissue plaminogen activator.