Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the studied population

	Control (n=43)	Presymptomatic (n=45)	Patient (n=22)
				χ² P value
Female gender	23 (53.5%)	28 (62.2%)	10 (45.4%)	0.408
				Kruskal-Wallis P value	Comparison	Dunn’s test P value
Age at inclusion (years)	46.4±13.5	41.8±11.8	62.7±10.5	<0.001	Control vs presymptomatic	0.118
					Control vs patient	<0.001
					Presymptomatic vs patient	<0.001
ALS-FRS	39.5±1.3	39.5±1.9	33.4±7.7	<0.001	Control vs presymptomatic	0.827
					Control vs patient	<0.001
					Presymptomatic vs patient	<0.001
MMSE	29±1.2	28.5±1.4	17.8±8.4	<0.001	Control vs presymptomatic	0.183
					Control vs patient	<0.001
					Presymptomatic vs patient	<0.001
MDRS	142.1±1.8	141.2±3.0	97.3±36.7	<0.001	Control vs presymptomatic	0.431
					Control vs patient	<0.001
					Presymptomatic vs patient	<0.001
FAB	17±1.2	17.2±0.9	9.7±5.3	<0.001	Control vs presymptomatic	0.583
					Control vs patient	<0.001
					Presymptomatic vs patient	<0.001
Ekman faces test	30.1±2.6	30.1±2.3	18±9.1	0.001	Control vs presymptomatic	0.694
					Control vs patient	<0.001
					Presymptomatic vs patient	0.001
FBI	0.9±1.8	1.5±2.7	28.5±15.2	<0.001	Control vs presymptomatic	0.387
					Control vs patient	<0.001
					Presymptomatic vs patient	<0.001
AES	4.8±3.9	6.5±3.6	23.5±13.1	<0.001	Control vs presymptomatic	0.095
					Control vs patient	<0.001
					Presymptomatic vs patient	0.004

Values are expressed as mean±SD, or as number (%). Demographic characteristics were compared between groups using the χ² test for gender and Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s test for numerical variables.
Statistically significant p values are in bold.
AES, Apathy Evaluation Scale; ALS-FRS, ALS Functional Rating Scale; FAB, Frontal Assessment Battery; FBI, Frontal Behavioral Inventory; MDRS, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; MMSE, mini-mental state examination.