Table 1

Status epilepticus trials for emergency presentations reporting rate of misdiagnosis

Study	Centres (n), country	Age group	Initial diagnosis made by	Sample size	Rate of misdiagnosis (%)	Proportion of misdiagnoses specified as pPNES
Leppik et al 8	3, USA	Adults	Physicians, hospital-based	78	13.5	1/11
Alldredge et al 9	10, USA	Adults	Paramedics	205	5	10/10
Silbergleit et al 10*	79, USA	Both (children ≥40 kg)	Paramedics	893	7.1	63/63
Chamberlain et al 11	11, USA	Paediatric (3 months–18 years)	Physicians, hospital-based	310	10	ns
Mundlamuri et al 12	1, India	Both (15–65 years)	Physicians, hospital-based	150	0.05	1/1
Sánchez Fernández et al 13	9, USA	Paediatric (1 month–21 years)	Paramedics	81	0	–
Welch et al 14*	79, USA	Paediatric (weight ≥13 kg)	Paramedics	120	8.3	8/10
Navarro et al 15	39, France	Adults	Physicians, prehospital	136	4.4	6/6
Kapur et al 16†	57, USA	Both (≥2 years)	Physicians, hospital-based	384	9.6	37/37
Chamberlain et al 17†	58, USA	Both (≥2 years)	Physicians, hospital-based	462	ns‡	ns‡

See online supplemental material for search strategy and flow diagram of literature review.
*Publication part of RAMPART.
†Publication part of ESETT.
‡See the Results section for the results of individual patient data analysis.
ESETT, Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial; ns, not specified; pPNES, prolonged psychogenic non-epileptic seizures; RAMPART, Rapid Anticonvulsant Medication Prior to Arrival Trial.