Univariate and multivariable analysis with Cox proportional hazards model on factors associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 and SARS
| Parameters | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
| HR (95% CI) | P value | aHR (95% CI) | P value | |
| COVID-19 | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||
| <60 | Referent | Referent | ||
| 60–69 | 17.33 (3.60 to 83.42) | <0.001 | 14.75 (3.06 to 71.16) | 0.001 |
| 70–79 | 84.69 (19.70 to 364.15) | <0.001 | 54.61 (12.48 to 238.86) | <0.001 |
| 80 | 281.05 (67.99 to 1161.83) | <0.001 | 162.55 (38.26 to 690.67) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 1.30 (0.81 to 2.08) | 0.279 | ||
| Living in aged home | 11.90 (7.26 to 19.49) | <0.001 | ||
| Cardiovascular diseases | 23.15 (10.60 to 50.53) | <0.001 | ||
| Respiratory diseases | 2.66 (1.40 to 5.07) | 0.003 | ||
| Gastrointestinal diseases | 4.88 (3.01 to 7.91) | <0.001 | ||
| Hepatobiliary diseases | 1.61 (0.83 to 3.14) | 0.162 | ||
| Renal diseases | 10.27 (6.15 to 17.13) | <0.001 | 2.68 (1.62 to 4.44) | <0.001 |
| Genitourinary diseases | 5.71 (3.40 to 9.60) | <0.001 | ||
| Neurological diseases | ||||
| Stroke | 12.13 (7.28 to 20.20) | <0.001 | 2.31 (1.35 to 3.96) | 0.002 |
| Dementia | 11.43 (5.97 to 21.89) | <0.001 | ||
| Parkinson’s disease | Not available* | – | ||
| Spine problems | 3.53 (1.42 to 8.76) | 0.007 | ||
| Traumatic brain injury related disorders | 3.08 (1.62 to 5.86) | 0.001 | 1.86 (1.02 to 3.41) | 0.043 |
| Other neurological diseases† | 1.49 (0.60 to 3.69) | 0.392 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 7.67 (4.74 to 12.42) | <0.001 | ||
| Hyperlipidaemia | 7.74 (4.78 to 12.54) | <0.001 | ||
| Malignancies | 6.43 (3.59 to 11.53) | <0.001 | 1.86 (1.02 to 3.41) | 0.043 |
| Coexisting infection other than COVID-19 | 3.89 (2.32 to 6.52) | <0.001 | ||
| SARS | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||
| <60 | Referent | |||
| 60–69 | 3.51 (2.44 to 5.06) | <0.001 | 2.05 (1.38 to 3.04) | <0.001 |
| 70–79 | 5.30 (3.87 to 7.26) | <0.001 | 3.25 (2.29 to 4.62) | <0.001 |
| 80 | 6.72 (4.92 to 9.18) | <0.001 | 4.57 (3.27 to 6.40) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 1.60 (1.27 to 2.03) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.12 to 1.80) | 0.004 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 3.58 (2.80 to 4.58) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.08 to 1.94) | 0.013 |
| Respiratory diseases | 1.85 (1.36 to 2.52) | <0.001 | ||
| Gastrointestinal diseases | 2.01 (1.45 to 2.78) | <0.001 | ||
| Hepatobiliary diseases | 1.24 (0.76 to 2.02) | 0.392 | ||
| Renal diseases | 3.56 (2.62 to 4.84) | <0.001 | 1.85 (1.33 to 2.57) | <0.001 |
| Genitourinary diseases | 2.20 (1.54 to 3.14) | <0.001 | ||
| Neurological diseases | ||||
| Stroke | 2.49 (1.86 to 3.34) | <0.001 | ||
| Dementia | 2.98 (2.06 to 4.31) | <0.001 | ||
| Parkinson’s disease | 4.17 (2.28 to 7.63) | <0.001 | 1.95 (1.05 to 3.64) | 0.035 |
| Spine problems | 3.83 (1.58 to 9.27) | 0.003 | ||
| Traumatic brain injuryrelated disorders | 6.70 (1.66 to 26.97) | 0.007 | ||
| Other neurological diseases† | 1.62 (0.96 to 2.73) | 0.07 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 2.82 (2.23 to 3.58) | <0.001 | 1.61 (1.24 to 2.08) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 1.65 (1.14 to 2.37) | 0.008 | 1.94 (1.32 to 2.84) | 0.001 |
| Malignancies | 2.31 (1.59 to 3.37) | <0.001 | ||
| Coexisting infection other than SARS | 1.78 (1.34 to 2.37) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.12 to 1.99) | 0.007 |
*Four patients with COVID-19 had Parkinson’s disease and none of them died.
†Other neurological diseases included epilepsy, CNS demyelinating diseases, encephalitis, neuromuscular disorders, headache and related disorders, and cerebral palsy.
aHR, adjusted HR; CNS, central nervous system.