The 5-year cumulative risk of postoperative de novo epilepsy by indication for craniotomy among the subgroup of patients being alive without epilepsy at 1 year after craniotomy
| Intracranial surgical disease | Total patients | Patients with epilepsy | CR* at 5 years, % (95% CI) |
| All patients | 5562 | 594 | 10.5 (9.7 to 11.4) |
| All tumours | 2749‡ | 301 | 11.0 (9.8 to 12.3) |
| Astrocytoma | 175 | 33 | 18.3 (13.0 to 25.6) |
| Cranial nerves | 306 | <5† | 0.4 (0.1 to 3.0) |
| Embryonal | 80 | 11 | 11.0 (5.7 to 21.3) |
| Glioblastoma | 592 | 107 | 19.6 (16.5 to 23.4) |
| Meningioma | 1022 | 89 | 8.5 (6.8 to 10.6) |
| Mesenchymal | 93 | <5† | 1.2 (0.2 to 8.5) |
| Metastasis | 241 | 17 | 6.5 (4.0 to 10.5) |
| Oligodendroglioma | 101 | 32 | 34.8 (26.0 to 46.6) |
| All spontaneous haemorrhages | 1727 | 185 | 10.2 (8.8 to 11.9) |
| Cerebral aneurysm, ruptured | 532 | 43 | 7.8 (5.8 to 10.6) |
| Cerebral aneurysm, non-ruptured | 399 | 13 | 3.3 (1.9 to 5.7) |
| AVM or Moya-Moya disease | 136 | 20 | 13.2 (8.3 to 20.9) |
| Intracerebral haemorrhage | 660 | 109 | 15.8 (13.0 to 19.1) |
| All traumatic haemorrhages | 828 | 80 | 9.7 (7.8 to 12.1) |
| Cerebral contusion | 117 | 24 | 20.9 (14.4 to 30.4) |
| Epidural haemorrhage | 230 | 13 | 5.1 (2.9 to 9.1) |
| Traumatic subdural haemorrhage | 481 | 43 | 9.1 (6.7 to 12.4) |
| Abscess | 183 | 27 | 12.2 (8.0 to 18.7) |
| Congenital malformations | 75 | <5† | 1.8 (0.3 to 12.8) |
*Cumulative risks represent the risks of postoperative de novo epilepsy among patients alive with epilepsy and deceased patients with epilepsy.
†Not shown due to small numbers.
‡No analyses done for the six small cancer groups (oligoastrocytoma, ependymal, pineal region, germ cell, sellar region and miscellaneous).
AVM, arteriovenous malformation of cerebral vessels; ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage.