The 6-month, 1-year and 5-year cumulative risks (CRs) of postoperative de novo epilepsy by indication for craniotomy in Denmark, 2005–2016
| Cranial neurosurgical disease | Patients (n) | Average age at craniotomy | Patients with epilepsy | CR* 6 months, % (95% CI) | CR* 1 year, % (95% CI) | CR* 5 years, % (95% CI) |
| All patients | 8948 | 55.6 | 1833 | 9.7 (9.1 to 10.3) | 13.9 (13.2 to 14.6) | 20.4 (19.5 to 21.3) |
| All intracranial tumours | 4710‡ | 56.9 | 1025 | 11.0 (10.1 to 11.9) | 15.4 (14.4 to 16.5) | 21.8 (20.6 to 23.0) |
| Astrocytoma | 245 | 34.4 | 73 | 10.2 (7.0 to 14.8) | 16.3 (12.3 to 21.7) | 29.4 (24.0 to 36.0) |
| Cranial nerves | 316 | 50.6 | 7 | 0.9 (0.3 to 2.9) | 1.3 (0.5 to 3.4) | 1.7 (0.7 to 4.0) |
| Embryonal | 104 | 14.7 | 21 | 7.7 (4.0 to 15) | 9.6 (5.3 to 17.3) | 18.1 (11.9 to 27.6) |
| Glioblastoma | 1593 | 62.4 | 481 | 16.5 (14.7 to 18.4) | 23.6 (21.6 to 25.7) | 30.8 (28.6 to 33.2) |
| Meningioma | 1245 | 58.9 | 239 | 9.4 (7.9 to 11.2) | 12.1 (10.4 to 14.0) | 19.0 (16.9 to 21.4) |
| Mesenchymal | 105 | 49.7 | 10 | 6.7 (3.3 to 13.6) | 7.6 (3.9 to 14.8) | 8.7 (4.6 to 16.2) |
| Metastasis | 746 | 64.1 | 91 | 7.1 (5.5 to 9.2) | 9.9 (8.0 to 12.3) | 12.0 (9.9 to 14.6) |
| Oligodendroglioma | 193 | 53.6 | 81 | 16.6 (12.1 to 22.8) | 25.4 (19.9 to 32.3) | 43.6 (36.9 to 51.6) |
| All spontaneous intracranial haemorrhages | 2519 | 55.3 | 469 | 6.9 (5.9 to 7.9) | 11.3 (10.1 to 12.6) | 18.3 (16.8 to 19.9) |
| Aneurysm, ruptured | 740 | 54.8 | 115 | 5.3 (3.9 to 7.2) | 9.7 (7.8 to 12.1) | 15.4 (12.9 to 18.3) |
| Aneurysm, non-ruptured | 434 | 55.2 | 36 | 3.7 (2.3 to 6.0) | 5.3 (3.6 to 7.9) | 8.3 (6.0 to 11.4) |
| AVM or Moya-Moya disease | 165 | 41.3 | 43 | 12.7 (8.5 to 19.0) | 13.9 (9.5 to 20.4) | 24.8 (18.9 to 32.7) |
| Intracerebral haemorrhage | 1180 | 57.7 | 275 | 8.2 (6.8 to 10.0) | 14.1 (12.2 to 16.2) | 22.9 (20.6 to 25.5) |
| All traumatic intracranial haemorrhages | 1366 | 54.5 | 232 | 8.4 (7.1 to 10.0) | 11.1 (9.6 to 12.9) | 17.0 (15.1 to 19.2) |
| Cerebral contusion | 214 | 49.8 | 53 | 8.0 (5.0 to 12.5) | 13.6 (9.7 to 19.1) | 25.1 (19.8 to 31.9) |
| Epidural haematoma | 277 | 31.8 | 34 | 6.1 (3.9 to 9.7) | 7.6 (5.0 to 11.5) | 11.9 (8.6 to 16.4) |
| Subdural haematoma | 875 | 62.9 | 145 | 9.3 (7.5 to 11.4) | 11.7 (9.7 to 14.0) | 16.7 (14.3 to 19.4) |
| Intracranial abscess | 275 | 48.8 | 103 | 21.5 (17.1 to 26.9) | 27.6 (22.8 to 33.5) | 35.8 (30.4 to 42.1) |
| Congenital malformations | 78 | 28.0 | NA† | 3.8 (1.3 to 11.7) | 3.8 (1.3 to 11.7) | 5.6 (2.1 to 14.7) |
*Cumulative risks represent the risks of postoperative de novo epilepsy among patients alive with epilepsy and deceased patients with epileps.
†Not shown due to small numbers.
‡No analyses done for the six small cancer groups (oligoastrocytoma ependymal, pineal region, germ cell, sellar region and miscellaneous).
AVM, arteriovenous malformation of cerebral vessels.