Determinants of mortality (n=216)
| Mortality | ||||||
| Univariable | Multivariable* | |||||
| OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| <60 | Ref | Ref | ||||
| ≥60 | 2.41 | 1.25 to 4.67 | 0.009 | 3.54 | 1.46 to 8.55 | 0.005 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Male | 0.75 | 0.42 to 1.34 | 0.334 | |||
| Race | ||||||
| African-American | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Caucasian | 0.64 | 0.30 to 1.37 | 0.253 | |||
| Others | 1.30 | 0.57 to 2.98 | 0.534 | |||
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Smoking | 1.92 | 0.73 to 5.07 | 0.186 | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.80 | 0.34 to 1.85 | 0.599 | |||
| Prior anticoagulation | 0.64 | 0.17 to 2.43 | 0.509 | |||
| Coronary artery disease | 0.81 | 0.37 to 1.75 | 0.592 | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 1.01 | 0.47 to 2.20 | 0.975 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 2.46 | 1.38 to 4.37 | 0.002 | 2.68 | 1.25 to 5.74 | 0.012 |
| Hypertension | 1.19 | 0.58 to 2.44 | 0.637 | |||
| Hyperlipidaemia | 0.93 | 0.52 to 1.68 | 0.815 | |||
| Previous stroke | 0.97 | 0.49 to 1.95 | 0.938 | |||
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.11 | 0.51 to 2.38 | 0.794 | |||
| Admission NIHSS (one unit) | 1.09 | 1.05 to 1.13 | <0.001 | 1.06 | 1.02 to 1.12 | 0.009 |
| Large vessel occlusion | 3.10 | 1.68 to 5.70 | <0.001 | 3.23 | 1.40 to 7.46 | 0.006 |
| Stroke aetiology | ||||||
| Cardioembolism | Ref | Ref | ||||
| CS/ESUS | 0.86 | 0.37 to 2.00 | 0.721 | |||
| Large-artery atherosclerosis | 1.09 | 0.36 to 3.32 | 0.875 | |||
| Small-vessel occlusion | 0.29 | 0.06 to 1.44 | 0.130 | |||
| Labs | ||||||
| NLR (one unit) | 1.08 | 1.01 to 1.15 | 0.020 | 1.07 | 1.02 to 1.13 | 0.009 |
| D dimer (×100 ng/mL) | 1.01 | 1.00 to 1.02 | 0.129 | |||
| Absolute lymphocyte (1000/µL) | 0.97 | 0.90 to 1.04 | 0.335 | |||
| Platelets | 1.00 | 1.00 to 1.00 | 0.547 | |||
| IV tPA | 0.53 | 0.23 to 1.23 | 0.139 | |||
| Thrombectomy | 0.87 | 0.42 to 1.81 | 0.712 | |||
| sICH | 3.56 | 1.25 to 10.16 | 0.017 | 6.41 | 1.74 to 23.67 | 0.005 |
Univariable and multivariable mixed effects binary logistic regression analyses were done to test for the impact of several determinants on mortality. Variables that had a p<0.1 were included in the final multivariable model.
*The results after multiple imputation using chained equations to handle missing data.
CS/ESUS, cryptogenic stroke/embolic stroke of undetermined source; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NLR, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio; sICH, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage; IV tPA, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator.