Table 3

Determinants of poor outcomes (mRS 5–6) (n=216)

	Poor outcome (mRS score 5–6)
	Univariable			Multivariable*
	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value
Age (years)
<60		Ref			Ref
≥60	2.87	1.50 to 5.50	0.001	5.11	2.08 to 12.56	<0.001
Sex
Female		Ref
Male	1.03	0.58 to 1.82	0.916
Race
African-American		Ref
Caucasian	0.67	0.34 to 1.32	0.245
Others	1.23	0.56 to 2.74	0.606
Comorbidities
Smoking	1.20	0.48 to 2.99	0.702
Atrial fibrillation	0.65	0.29 to 1.46	0.300
Prior anticoagulation	0.40	0.11 to 1.50	0.175
Coronary artery disease	1.22	0.58 to 2.57	0.604
Congestive heart failure	1.40	0.65 to 3.05	0.390
Diabetes mellitus	2.26	1.26 to 4.07	0.006	2.66	1.16 to 6.09	0.021
Hypertension	1.46	0.73 to 2.93	0.286
Hyperlipidaemia	0.93	0.52 to 1.68	0.819
Previous stroke	0.96	0.48 to 1.91	0.904
Chronic kidney disease	1.05	0.52 to 2.14	0.887
Admission NIHSS (one unit)	1.10	1.06 to 1.15	<0.001	1.08	1.02 to 1.14	0.006
Large vessel occlusion	3.02	1.63 to 5.59	<0.001	2.45	1.04 to 5.78	0.042
Stroke aetiology
Cardioembolism	Ref			Ref
CS/ESUS	0.96	0.42 to 2.20	0.926	1.35	0.39 to 4.68	0.636
Large-artery atherosclerosis	1.56	0.52 to 4.69	0.427	2.22	0.54 to 9.09	0.264
Small-vessel occlusion	0.22	0.05 to 1.15	0.073	0.21	0.03 to 1.54	0.123
Labs
NLR (one unit)	1.07	1.01 to 1.13	0.025	1.06	1.01 to 1.11	0.028
D-dimer (×100 ng/mL)	1.01	1.00 to 1.02	0.101
Absolute lymphocyte (1000/µL)	1.01	0.99 to 1.02	0.727
Platelets	1.00	1.00 to 1.00	0.435
IV tPA	0.56	0.27 to 1.15	0.115
Thrombectomy	0.77	0.38 to 1.57	0.469
sICH	3.10	0.96 to 10.0	0.058	3.63	0.85 to 15.48	0.081

Univariable and multivariable mixed effects binary logistic regression analyses were done to test for the impact of several determinants on getting poor outcomes. Variables that had a p<0.1 were included in the final multivariable model.
*The results after multiple imputation using chained equations to handle missing data.
CS/ESUS, cryptogenic stroke/embolic stroke of undetermined source; IV IV tPA, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NLR, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio; sICH, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage.