Overview of measured outcomes
| Case fatality | Haemorrhage rate | Long-term morbidity | |
| Natural history (n=25) | |||
| Sample size* | 94 | 642 | 800 |
| Rate (%) (95% CI) | 4 (2 to 5) | 23 (17 to 25) | 22 (16 to 28) |
| Mean (%) (range) | 2.34 (0 to 11.3) | 21.96 (3.0 to 83.7) | 20.9 (3.0 to 54.84) |
| Surgery (n=52) | |||
| Sample size* | 39 | 77 | 397 |
| Rate (%) (95% CI) | 2 (1 to 2) | 3 (1 to 5) | 11 (9 to 13) |
| Mean (%) (range) | 0.71 (0 to 4.7) | 2.56 (0 to 37.93) | 10.48 (0.23 to 36.0) |
| Radiosurgery (n=23) | |||
| Sample size* | 19 | 317 | 171 |
| Rate (%) (95% CI) | 1 (0 to 2) | 14 (10 to 19) | 10 (7 to 13) |
| Mean (%) (range) | 0.61 (0 to 3.5) | 13.81 (0 to 31.58) | 9.37 (2 to 20) |
Haemorrhage rates are considered as bleedings following the surgical and radiosurgical management of initially treated cerebral cavernous malformations or new bleedings within the natural course of the disease.
*Number of (1) deaths, (2) patients with haemorrhage after treatment, and (3) patients with persistent morbidity. For further details on the type of calculated data, see online supplemental eFigure 5.