Table 4

The association between collision sports, contact sports, and shown variables using non-contact sports as a reference

Composite ScoreCollision sportsContact sports
β
(95% CI)		η2 β
(95% CI)		η2
Verbal memory−1.64
(−1.85 to 1.44)		0.003−0.83
(−1.04 to 0.62)		0.001
Visual memory−1.87
(−2.14 to 1.60)		0.002−0.75
(−1.03 to 0.48)		0.000
Visual motor speed−2.12
(−2.26 to 1.97)		0.010−0.72
(−0.86 to 0.58)		0.001
Reaction time0.02
(0.02 to 0.02)		0.0020.01
(0.01 to 0.01)		0.001
Total symptoms−0.48
(−0.61 to 0.34)		0.001−0.46
(−0.59 to 0.32)		0.000

  • We adjusted for age, concussion history, psychiatric diagnoses, headaches, migraines, learning disability, ADHD, speech therapy, special education and repeating one or more years of school. Effect sizes of 0.02, 0.13 and 0.26 correspond to small, medium and large effects, respectively.32 All p values were <0.001. The remaining results of the multivariable analyses can be found in supplemental table.

  • ADHD, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.