Demographic, clinical and radiological characteristics
| N | Baseline | Month 24 | 10-year follow-up visit | |
| Age in years, mean (SD)/median (range) | 78 | 50.05 (8.4)/50.0 (31–70) | ||
| Sex, female, N (%) | 78 | 51 (65.4%) | ||
| Time since diagnosis, mean in years (SD)/median (range) | 78 | 14.6 (3.4)/13.7 (11.0–26.1) | ||
| Disease phenotype (N) | 78 | RRMS (78) | RRMS (78) | RRMS (71), SPMS (7) |
| Type of DMT used during follow-up (N) | 78 | Only platform compounds* (23), ever used oral therapies† (32), ever used high efficiency monoclonal antibody therapies, chemotherapies, or HSCT‡ (23). | ||
| Study site (number of patients) | 78 | Site 1 (3), site 2 (16), site 3 (3), site 4 (2), site 5 (1), site 6 (5), site 7 (8), site 8 (13), site 9 (3), site 10 (6), site 11 (2), site 12 (12), site 13 (4). | ||
| EDSS, mean (SD)/median (range) | 78/76/77 | 1.9 (0.8)/2.0 (0.0–4.0) | 2.1 (1.2)/2.0 (0.0–5.0) | 2.8 (1.6)/2.5 (0.0–8.5) |
| Mean sNfL level§ (pg/mL), mean (SD) | 78 | 34.8 (14.3) | ||
| Mean inflammatory sNfL level§ (pg/ml), mean (SD) | 32 | 45.5 (21.3) | ||
| Mean non-inflammatory sNfL level§ (pg/mL), mean (SD) | 40 | 30.2 (9.5) | ||
| fGd+, mean (SD) | 78 | 0.32 (0.26) | ||
| Number of MRI scans with new Gd-enhancing lesions, mean (SD)/median (range) | 78 | 3.7 (3.1)/3.0 (0–11) | ||
| Total GM volume (mm3), mean (SD) | 65 | 630 134.461 (52 453.119) | ||
| Total WM volume (mm3), mean (SD) | 65 | 448 155.938 (50 676.88) | ||
| Total deep GM volume (mm3), mean (SD) | 65 | 55 726.031 (5291.634) | ||
| Thalamus volume (mm3), mean (SD) | 65 | 7786.642 (982.467) | ||
| Mean Cth (mm), mean (SD) | 65 | 2.538 (0.128) | ||
*Interferon beta and glatiramer acetate preparations.
†Dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, fingolimod.
‡Natalizumab, rituximab, alemtuzumab, mitoxantrone, haematopoietic stem cell therapy.
§Mean sNfL levels measured from serum samples collected from baseline to month 24.
Cth, cortical thickness; DMT, disease modifying therapy; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; fGd+, fraction of MRI scans with new Gadolinium-enhancing lesion; Gd, Gadolinium; GM, grey matter; HSCT, haematopoietic stem cell therapy; RRMS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; sNfL, serum neurofilament light; SPMS, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis; WM, white matter.