Table 1

Included Alzheimer’s disease studies

Study (a/b/c=separate study arms)		Participants				Intervention				Outcomes included
		% Female	Mean age, years	n		Intervention
		% Female	Mean age, years	Drug	Placebo	Class	Drug	Daily dosage, mg	Duration, weeks
Herrmann 2008*66		53.8	77.9	13	13	NRI	Methylphenidate	20	2	1a, 9a
Lanctot 2014†67		61.6	76	29	31	NRI	Methylphenidate	20	6	1a, 2a, 7a
Rosenberg 2013†68		61.6	76	29	31	NRI	Methylphenidate	20	6	9a
Maier 202069		38	74.8	54	54	NRI	Buproprion	150–300	12	1a, 3a, 8a
Mintzer 202113		33	76	101	99	NRI	Methylphenidate	20	26	1a, 2a, 9b, 4a, 6a, 7a, 10a
Padala 201845		0	76.6	30	30	NRI	Methylphenidate	10–20	12	1a, 9a
Mohs 200922		54.3	77.4	47	45	NRI	Atomoxetine	25–80	26	1a
Frakey 201246		Unknown	77.3	11	11	NRI	Modafinil	200	8	9c
Levey 2021*‡70		46.2	70.3	39	39	NRI	Atomoxetine	100	26	1a, 2c, 4c, 6e, 7d, 8a, 9b, 10a
Winblad 200171		62.4	73.7	177	169	A1 Ant	Nicergoline	60	26	1b
Amaducci 199972		Unknown	Unknown	102	95	A1 Ant	Nicergoline	60	52	1b
Banerjee 202173		66	82.8	102	102	A1 Ant	Mirtazapine	45	12	8a, 10b
Wang 200974		40.9	80.6	11	11	A1 Ant	Prazosin	6	8	8a
Crook 199225		55	71	15	14	A2 Ag	Guanfacine	0.5	13	3a, 5a, 7b
Mohr 1989*23	a	25	62	8	8	A2 Ag	Clonidine	0.1	2	2a, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7a
	b	25	62	8	8			0.2	2
	c	25	62	8	8			0.4	2
Schlegel 1989*24		40	60	5	5	A2 Ag	Guanfacine	0.5–1	2	2a, 3a, 4b, 5c, 6c, 7a
Huff 199637	a	Unknown	Unknown	92	91	A2 Ant	Besipirdine	10	12	1b, 8b
Huff 199637	b	Unknown	Unknown	92	91	A2 Ant	Besipirdine	40	12	1b, 8b
Rinne 201738	a	59	72	33	34	A2 Ant	ORM-12741	30–60	12	2b, 4c, 5d, 6d, 7c
Rinne 201738	b	59	72	33	34	A2 Ant	ORM-12741	100–200	12	2b, 4c, 5d, 6d, 7c
Peskind 200575		80.6	85	17	14	B Ant	Propranolol	120	6	9b, 8a, 10a
Mean/total over all studies		56.7	75.8	45.9	45.1	N/A	N/A	N/A	12.9	N/A

Drug: NRI=norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; A1 Ant=alpha1 adrenergic receptor antagonist; A2 Ag= alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist; B Ant=Beta adrenergic receptor antagonist/blocker; A2 Ant=alpha2 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Outcomes: Global cognition: 1a=Mini-Mental State Examination; 1b=Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale—Cognitive Subscale. Attention: 2a=Digit Span Forwards; 2b=Continuity of Attention; 2c=Trails A. Visuospatial: 3a=Benton Visual Retention—No. Correct; 3b=Visual Retention Test—Delayed Recall; 3c=15 Objects Test; 3d=Spatial Recognition Memory (latency). Semantic Memory: 4a=Action Verbal Fluency Test; 4b=Supermarket fluency; 4c=Category fluency test. Episodic Visual Memory: 5a=Benton Visual Retention; 5b=Visual Retention Test—Delayed Recall; 5c=Quality of Episodic Memory. Episodic Verbal Memory: 6a=Hopkins Verbal Learning Test—Revised Delayed Recall; 6b=Verbal Learning Delayed Recall; 6c=Rey Verbal Learning—Delayed Recall; 6d=Controlled Oral Word Association Test; 6e=Wechsler Memory Scale—Logical Memory Delayed Recall. Executive Functions and Working Memory: 7a=Digit Span Backwards; 7b=Wechsler Paired Associates; 7c=Quality of Working Memory; 7d=Trails B.
General behaviour/neuropsychiatric symptoms: 8a=The Neuropsychiatry Inventory—Total; 8b=Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale—Non-Cognitive Subscale. Apathy: 9a=Apathy Evaluation Scale; 9b=The Neuropsychiatry Inventory—Apathy; 9c=The Frontal Systems Behaviour Scale—Apathy. Agitation: 10a=The Neuropsychiatry Inventory—Agitation; 10b=The Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory.
*Cross-over design.
†The same trial reported across different publications.
‡Mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease.