Assessment whether sleep-related measures were associated with health-related quality of life (measured with the overall AQoL-8D utility score), independent of other factors
| Univariate associations β (95% CI) n=1120 | Multivariate model 1 symptoms and BMI only β (95% CI) n=1120 | Multivariate model 2 sleep-related variables only β (95% CI) n=1120 | Multivariate model 3 symptoms, BMI and PSQI β (95% CI) n=1120 | Multivariate model 4 symptoms, BMI and sleep β (95% CI) n=1120 | |
| Sleep related measures (per unit increase) | |||||
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (0–21) | −2.77 (−3.04 to −2.51) | – | −1.90 (−2.17 to −1.63) | −1.26 (−1.47 to −1.04) | −1.08 (−1.31 to −0.86) |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale (0–24) | −1.65 (−1.90 to −1.40) | – | −0.96 (−1.18 to −0.74) | – | −0.50 (−0.68 to −0.32) |
| Restless Legs Syndrome Score (0–40) | −1.11 (−1.22 to −0.99) | −0.63 (−0.75 to −0.51) | – | −0.21 (−0.31 to −0.11) | |
| MS symptoms (0–10, per unit increase) | |||||
| Fatigue and cognitive symptoms | −5.47 (−5.89 to −5.06) | −1.31 (−1.81 to −0.80) | −0.88 (−1.35 to −0.40) | −0.71 (−1.19 to −0.23) | |
| Feeling of anxiety and depression | −5.42 (−5.77 to −5.06) | −3.11 (−3.52 to −2.70) | −2.61 (−3.00 to −2.22) | −2.59 (−2.98 to −2.21) | |
| Pain and sensory symptoms | −4.90 (−5.27 to −4.52) | −1.30 (−1.76 to −0.84) | −0.86 (−1.30 to −0.43) | −0.71 (−1.14 to −0.25) | |
| Difficulties with walking, balance and spasticity | −4.31 (−4.68 to −3.95) | −1.22 (−1.65 to −0.80) | −1.38 (−1.78 to −0.99) | −1.31 (−1.70 to −0.91) | |
| Bladder and bowel problems | −3.40 (−3.78 to −3.02) | – | – | ||
| Vision symptoms | −3.26 (−3.71 to −2.81) | – | – | ||
| Sexual symptoms | −2.80 (−3.12 to −2.48) | −0.38 (−0.67 to −0.08) | −0.42 (−0.70 to −0.15) | −0.36 (−0.61 to −0.09) | |
| Demographics/disease factors | |||||
| BMI | |||||
| Healthy weight (18.5–24.9) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) | 0.00 (Reference) | |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | −2.96 (−5.83 to −0.09) | 0.43 (−1.50 to 2.36) | 0.80 (−1.00 to 2.60) | 1.16 (−0.63 to 2.95) | |
| Obese 1 (30–34.9) | −7.59 (−11.33 to −3.85) | −1.45 (−3.96 to 1.07) | −0.88 (−3.23 to 1.48) | −1.60 (−2.94 to 1.73) | |
| Obese 2 (35–39.9) | −15.21 (−20.54 to −9.88) | −4.77 (−8.38 to −1.16) | −4.63 (−8.01 to −1.26) | −3.50 (−6.86 to −0.14) | |
| Obese 3 (40+) | −15.15 (−21.14 to −9.17) | −6.05 (−10.09 to −2.00) | −4.75 (−8.54 to −0.97) | −3.87 (−7.64 to −0.10) | |
| Adjusted R2=57.3% | Adjusted R2=39.4% | Adjusted R2=61.9% | Adjusted R2=63.8% |
Analysed using linear regression. Bold font indicates statistically significant results (p≤0.05).
Coefficients have been multiplied by 100 to improve readability and to create consistency with other publications from the AMSLS cohort.
AMSLS, Australian MS Longitudinal Study; AQoL, Assessment of Quality of Life; BMI, body mass index; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.