Unweighted characteristics of study participants at the first visit
| None (n=8168) | Glatiramer acetate (n=2631) | Interferon beta (n=9565) | Fingolimod (n=1039) | Natalizumab (n=1168) | Dimethyl fumarate (n=353) | Teriflunomide (n=312) | Overall (n=23 236) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 35.5 (10.5) | 38.2 (10.2) | 36.2 (10.4) | 37.1 (10.4) | 36.0 (10.5) | 36.9 (11.7) | 42.0 (11.6) | 36.3 (10.5) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 5907 (72.3) | 1919 (72.9) | 6846 (71.6) | 748 (72.0) | 813 (69.6) | 225 (63.7) | 227 (72.8) | 16 685 (71.8) |
| MS duration, mean (SD) | 4.96 (6.56) | 7.03 (6.97) | 6.72 (6.74) | 7.24 (7.07) | 7.49 (6.97) | 6.10 (7.27) | 8.23 (7.90) | 6.21 (6.82) |
| EDSS, mean (SD) | 2.03 (1.48) | 2.18 (1.52) | 2.06 (1.44) | 2.22 (1.56) | 3.02 (1.68) | 1.87 (1.43) | 2.02 (1.50) | 2.12 (1.50) |
| RRMS, n (%) | 6206 (76.0) | 2459 (93.5) | 8601 (89.9) | 1015 (97.7) | 1154 (98.8) | 337 (95.5) | 296 (94.9) | 20 068 (86.4) |
| Relapses (last 3 months), n (%) | ||||||||
| 0 | 6715 (82.2) | 2078 (79.0) | 7627 (79.7) | 832 (80.1) | 874 (74.8) | 269 (76.2) | 256 (82.1) | 18 651 (80.3) |
| 1 | 1395 (17.1) | 526 (20.0) | 1820 (19.0) | 190 (18.3) | 266 (22.8) | 81 (22.9) | 53 (17.0) | 4331 (18.6) |
| ≥2 | 58 (0.7) | 27 (1.0) | 118 (1.2) | 17 (1.6) | 28 (2.4) | 3 (0.8) | 3 (1.0) | 254 (1.1) |
| Number of previous DMTs, n (%) | ||||||||
| 0 | 7155 (87.6) | 2138 (81.3) | 8254 (86.3) | 664 (63.9) | 537 (46.0) | 257 (72.8) | 225 (72.1) | 19 230 (82.8) |
| 1 | 623 (7.6) | 355 (13.5) | 968 (10.1) | 214 (20.6) | 287 (24.6) | 63 (17.8) | 65 (20.8) | 2575 (11.1) |
| ≥2 | 390 (4.8) | 138 (5.2) | 343 (3.6) | 161 (15.5) | 344 (29.5) | 33 (9.3) | 22 (7.1) | 1431 (6.2) |
| Number of MRI lesions (during last 12 months), n (%) | ||||||||
| Missing | 7221 (88.4) | 2180 (82.9) | 8079 (84.5) | 847 (81.5) | 939 (80.4) | 274 (77.6) | 248 (79.5) | 19 788 (85.2) |
| 0 | 569 (7.0) | 263 (10.0) | 823 (8.6) | 79 (7.6) | 93 (8.0) | 28 (7.9) | 30 (9.6) | 1885 (8.1) |
| 1 | 325 (4.0) | 167 (6.3) | 532 (5.6) | 93 (9.0) | 110 (9.4) | 43 (12.2) | 29 (9.3) | 1299 (5.6) |
| ≥2 | 53 (0.6) | 21 (0.8) | 131 (1.4) | 20 (1.9) | 26 (2.2) | 8 (2.3) | 5 (1.6) | 264 (1.1) |
| Relapses on DMT (during last 12 months), n (%) | ||||||||
| 0 | 8074 (98.8) | 2331 (88.6) | 8332 (87.1) | 911 (87.7) | 954 (81.7) | 336 (95.2) | 288 (92.3) | 21 226 (91.3) |
| 1 | 79 (1.0) | 237 (9.0) | 1007 (10.5) | 110 (10.6) | 155 (13.3) | 15 (4.2) | 22 (7.1) | 1625 (7.0) |
| ≥2 | 15 (0.2) | 63 (2.4) | 226 (2.4) | 18 (1.7) | 59 (5.1) | 2 (0.6) | 2 (0.6) | 385 (1.7) |
| Relapses on high-efficacy DMTs (during last 12 months), n (%) | ||||||||
| 0 | 8163 (99.9) | 2629 (99.9) | 9564 (100.0) | 1008 (97.0) | 1137 (97.3) | 352 (99.7) | 309 (99.0) | 23 162 (99.7) |
| 1 | 5 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.0) | 27 (2.6) | 24 (2.1) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.0) | 63 (0.3) |
| ≥2 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.4) | 7 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 11 (0.0) |
| Severe relapses (during last 12 months), n (%) | ||||||||
| 0 | 8097 (99.1) | 2592 (98.5) | 9431 (98.6) | 1023 (98.5) | 1118 (95.7) | 352 (99.7) | 310 (99.4) | 22 923 (98.7) |
| 1 | 69 (0.8) | 38 (1.4) | 126 (1.3) | 16 (1.5) | 47 (4.0) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.6) | 299 (1.3) |
| ≥2 | 2 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 8 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 14 (0.1) |
| Relapses with incomplete recovery (during last 12 months), n (%) | ||||||||
| 0 | 7569 (92.7) | 2355 (89.5) | 8803 (92.0) | 943 (90.8) | 1023 (87.6) | 322 (91.2) | 277 (88.8) | 21 292 (91.6) |
| 1 | 554 (6.8) | 253 (9.6) | 689 (7.2) | 87 (8.4) | 124 (10.6) | 28 (7.9) | 33 (10.6) | 1768 (7.6) |
| ≥2 | 45 (0.6) | 23 (0.9) | 73 (0.8) | 9 (0.9) | 21 (1.8) | 3 (0.8) | 2 (0.6) | 176 (0.8) |
DMTs, disease-modifying therapies; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; MS, multiple sclerosis; RRMS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.