Table 3

Univariate and multivariable analysis of baseline predictors for all-cause mortality and SUDEP for all patients

Univariate Cox regression analysis	All-cause mortality		SUDEP
Univariate Cox regression analysis	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Age (years)	1.04 (1.03 to 1.05)	<0.001	1.00 (0.99 to 0.02)	0.72
Duration of epilepsy (years)	1.02 (1.01 to 1.03)	0.001	1.01 (0.99 to 1.03)	0.27
Male sex	1.26 (0.96 to 1.66)	0.09	1.29 (0.78 to 2.14)	0.31
Surgery	0.67 (0.51 to 0.89)	0.006	0.78 (0.47 to 1.32)	0.36
TCS	1.42 (1.078 to 1.87)	0.013	2.51 (1.48 to 4.27)	0.001
Living alone*	1.01 (0.72 to 1.41)	0.95	0.99 (0.52 to 1.87)	0.97
Highest education†
University (ref)	1	1	1	1
High school	0.82 (0.51 to 1.32)	0.42	0.80 (0.34 to 1.89)	0.61
Compulsory school	1.04 (0.65 to 1.66)	0.89	0.87 (0.36 to 2.11)	0.76
Adapted schooling for students with ID	0.91 (0.43 to 1.92)	0.81	0.63 (0.13 to 3.06)	0.57
Tried>3 ASM	0.91 (0.64 to 1.29)	0.59	1.30 (0.64 to 2.65)	0.46

Multivariable Cox regression analysis‡	All-cause mortality
Multivariable Cox regression analysis‡	HR (95% CI)	P value
Age (years)	1.04 (1.03 to 1.05)	<0.001
Male	1.41 (1.06 to 1.87)	0.019
Surgery	0.67 (0.49 to 0.91)	0.010

Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.
*Children<18 years excluded.
†Children 0–16 years excluded.
‡TCS and duration of epilepsy were not included in the final multivariable model (removed by the model).
ASM, antiseizure medication; ID, intellectual disability; SUDEP, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy; TCS, tonic–clonic seizures.