Table 4

Univariate and multivariable analysis of predictors for all-cause mortality and SUDEP for operated patients

Univariate Cox regression analysis	All-cause mortality		SUDEP
Univariate Cox regression analysis	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Male	1.25 (0.89 to 1.77)	0.20	1.06 (0.57 to 1.97)	0.86
Age (years)	1.05 (1.03 to 1.06)	<0.001	1.01 (0.99 to 1.04)	0.21
Repeat surgery	1.22 (0.72 to 2.10)	0.46	0.88 (0.37 to 2.11)	0.78
Non-LEATs*	1.04 (0.70 to 1.56)	0.85	1.84 (0.77 to 4.38)	0.17
Seizure outcome at last follow-up
Seizure free (ref)	1	1	1	1
TCS	1.77 (1.07 to 2.92)	0.025	4.61 (2.03 to 10.44)	<0.001
Seizures other than TCS	2.25 (1.49 to 3.41)	<0.001	2.83 (1.23 to 6.54)	0.015
Living alone at last follow-up†	1.60 (1.09 to 2.36)	0.016	1.45 (0.70 to 2.98)	0.32
Non-temporal lobe resection	1.32 (0.90 to 1.94)	0.16	1.65 (0.79 to 3.47)	0.19

Multivariable Cox regression analysis	All-cause mortality
Multivariable Cox regression analysis	HR (95% CI)	P value
Age (years)	1.05 (1.03 to 1.06)	<0.001
Seizure outcome at last follow-up
Seizure free (ref)	1	1
TCS	1.78 (1.07 to 2.96)	0.027
Seizures other than TCS	2.14 (1.41 to 3.23)	<0.001
Living alone at last follow-up†	1.47 (1.01 to 2.13)	0.045

Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.
LEATs=ganglioglioma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma grade II, oligodendroglioma grade II, pilocytic astrocytoma, diffuse astrocytoma grade II and neurocytoma.
*Reference LEATs, meningioma and cavernous hemangioma.
†Children<18 years excluded.
LEATs, long-term epilepsy-associated tumours; SUDEP, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy; TCS, tonic–clonic seizures.