Characteristics of cohort studies included in meta-analyses
| Author (ref) | LTPA measure | Country | First year observation | Follow-up (months, n) | Subjects (n) | Women (n, %) | Outcome measure | Stroke cases, n | Age (min–max) | Mean age | Race/ethnicity |
| Three LTPA levels | |||||||||||
| Bell et al 16 | Q | USA | 1987–1998 | 132 | 10 018 | 5441 (54.3%) | Discharge diagnosis codes independently reviewed by study investigators | N.A. | 45–64 | 53.8±5.6 | Caucasian |
| Bell et al 16 | Q | USA | 1987–1998 | 132 | 3707 | 2296 (61.9%) | " | N.A. | 45–64 | 53.6±5.8 | Black |
| Cao et al 17 | Q | UK | 2006–2010 | 132 | 354 976 | 194 038 (54.7%) | Electronic health records (ICD-10 codes 160–164) | N.A. | 40–70 | 56.2±8.2 | Mixed (black, white, Asian, other) |
| Håheim et al 19 | Q | Norway | 1972–1973 | 144 | 14 403 | 0 | Stroke incidence from hospital registry—no revision | 81 | 40–49 | N.A. | Caucasian |
| Kulshreshtha et al 23 | Q+T | USA | 2003–2007 | 58.8 | 22 914 | 13 290 (58.0 %) | WHO clinical diagnostic criteria of stroke applied to medical records by experts | 432 | 45 | 65 | Mixed (black, white) |
| Motamed-Gorji et al 25 | Q | Iran | 2004–2008 | 103.2 | 47 008 | 27 418 (58.3%) | Clinical data reviewed and ICD-10 codes | 1135 | N.A. | 57±8.8 | Caucasian |
| Nagata et al 26 | Q | USA | 1985–1986 | 360 | 5114 | 2787 (54.5%) | Patients interview+clinical records and expert revision | N.A. | 22–28 | N.A. | Mixed |
| Willey et al 30* | Q | USA | 1993–2001 | 109.2 | 3298 | 2072 (62.8%) | Annual phone screening+medical records+expert review | N.A. | N.A. | 69.2±10.3 | Mixed (black, white) |
| Four LTPA levels | |||||||||||
| Chomistek et al 18 | Q | USA | 1992–1995 | 229.2 | 27 536 | 27 536 (100%) | WHO clinical diagnostic criteria of stroke applied to medical records by experts | 650 | 45 | N.A. | Caucasian |
| Hamer et al 20 | Q | UK | 1994–2008 | 112.8 | 65 093 | 35 541 (54.6 %) | National Health Service Central Registry diagnosis | 633 | 40 | 58±12.0 | Caucasian |
| Huerta et al 21 | Q+I | Spain | 1992–1996 | 12.3 | 32 992 | 19 416 (58.9%) | Hospital databases diagnostic codes and clinical data reviewed by expert | N.A. | 29–69 | N.A. | Caucasian |
| Liu et al 24 | Q | China | 1998–2001 | 87.6 | 100 560 | 60 193 (59.8%) | Patient Interview+check of ICD-10 codes by medical record review | 2850 | N.A. | 51.5±12.0 | Asian |
| Soares-Miranda et al 27 | Q | USA | 1989–1992 | 120 | 4207 | 2566 (61.0%) | Patients interview+clinical records and expert revision | 563 | 65 | 72.5±5.5 | Mixed (black, white) |
| Tikk et al 28 | Q | Germany | 1994–98 | 152.4 | 23 927 | 12 865 (53.7%) | Patients interview+clinical records and expert revision | 551 | 35–64 | N.A. | Caucasian |
| Five LTPA levels | |||||||||||
| Jefferis et al 22 | Q | UK | 1978–1980 | 130.8 | 3357 | 0 | Clinical diagnosis from hospital and primary care databases | 195 | 40–59 | 68.3 | Caucasian |
| Zhao et al 29 | Q | China | 2010–2018 | 82.08 | 32 942 | 17 495 (53.1%) | Annual check-up+linkage to hospital admission diagnosis | 2240 | 60 | 69.49±7.4 | Asian |
*Includes data only on ischaemic stroke subtype.
I, in-person interview; ICD-9, International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition; ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition; LTPA, leisure-time physical activity; N.A, not available; Q, self-reported questionnaire; T, telephone interview.