Author (year) | Type(s) of FND | Patients with FND reporting pain | Patients in control/reference group reporting pain | Risk of bias (score on NOS) |
Geroin (2022)67 | FMD | 72/100 (72%) | – | Low (7) |
Mostile (2022)22 | FMD | 104/188 (55%) | – | Low (7) |
Delgado (2022)68 | FMD | 64/100 (64%) | – | Moderate (4) |
Massot-Tarrús (2022)12 | FS | 33/194 (17%) | FS and epilepsy=6/47 (13%) | Low (7) |
Gray (2021)37 | FD | 29/29 (100%) | – | High (2) |
Lagrand (2021)15 | FMD | 197/320 (62%) | Other hyperkinetic movement disorders=150/554 (27%) | Low (7) |
Tinazzi (2021)18 | FMD | FD=18/38 (47%); FW=22/58 (38%); FGD=5/17 (29%); FJ=5/23 (22%); FT=7/40 (18%) | – | Moderate (5) |
Stephen (2021)40 | FD | 65/85 (76%) | Other dystonias=24/80 (30%) | Low (7) |
Katyal (2021)10 | FS | 72/149 (48%) | Epilepsy=38/230 (17%) | Low (8) |
O'Connell (2020)69 | mFND | 46/98 (47%) | – | Low (7) |
Aybek (2020)70 | FMD | UK=79/100 (79%); Canada=50/90 (56%) | – | Moderate (4) |
Stone (2020)38 | FW | Chronic back pain=43/107 (40%) | Patients with other neurological disease and healthy controls=14/85 (16%) | Moderate (6) |
Linden (2020)27 | FND | First World War soldiers=91/436 (21%); male civilians=47/153 (31%); female civilians=156/321 (49%) | – | Moderate (6) |
Tomić (2020)71 | FMD | Affected body part=67/100 (67%); unaffected body part=50/100 (50%) | – | Low (8) |
Tinazzi (2020)17 | FMD | 172/410 (42%) | – | Low (8) |
Jimenez (2019)52 | FND | Back=26/49 (53%); neck=15/49 (31%); joint=9/49 (19%); neuropathic=8/49 (16%); myofascial=6/49 (12%); abdominal=6/49 (12%) | – | Moderate (4) |
Petrović (2018)20 | FD | 34/48 (71%) | – | Moderate (6) |
Kerr (2017)7 | FS | 30/332 (9%) | FS and epilepsy=7/53 (13%); epilepsy=25/750 (3%) | Low (8) |
Erba (2017)72 | FS | Physical pain after seizure=10/17 (59%) | Epilepsy=1/11 (9%) | Moderate (6) |
Matin (2017)73 | FMD | 22/100 (22%) | – | Low (8) |
Perez (2016)74 | FND | 15/49 (31%) | – | Low (8) |
Elliott (2014)8 | FS | 117/324 (36%) | FS and epilepsy=23/84 (27%); epilepsy=35/281 (13%) | Low (8) |
Thomas (2013)26 | FS | 60/86 (70%) | – | Moderate (4) |
Gazzola (2012)11 | FS | 40/85 (47%) | Idiopathic generalised epilepsy=10/85 (12%) | Moderate (6) |
Ibrahim (2009)75 | FD | 3/35 (9%) | – | Moderate (5) |
Dworetzky (2005)9 | FS | 19/22 (86%) | Epilepsy=13/26 (50%) | Moderate (6) |
Schrag (2004)21 | FD | 38/41 (93%) | – | Moderate (5) |
Stone (2004)24 | FMS; FS | FMS=15/30 (50%); FS=6/20 (30%) | – | Moderate (6) |
Birket-Smith (2002)76 | FND | 37/38 (97%) | – | Moderate (6) |
Ettinger (1999)23 | FS | 43/56 (77%) | – | Moderate (4) |
Barry (1998)77 | FS | 11/37 (30%) | – | Moderate (5) |
Lempert (1990)78 | FS | 8/50 (16%) | – | Moderate (6) |
FD, functional dystonia; FGD, functional gait disorder; FJ, functional jerks; FMD, functional movement disorder; FMS, functional movement symptoms; FND, functional neurological disorder; FS, functional seizures; FT, functional tremor; FW, functional weakness; mFND, motor FND; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale .