Studies describing pain scoring among patients with FND.
| Author (year) | Type(s) of FND | Patients with FND reporting/scoring pain | Patients in reference/control group reporting/scoring pain | Risk of bias (score on NOS) |
| Gelauff (2020)19 | FMD | Proportion reporting pain=46/179 (26%) Median SF-36 (lower=worse) pain=46/100 (IQR=22–80) | – | Moderate (6) |
| Pleizier (2017)28 | FNS | Proportion reporting pain=154/195 (79%) Mean SF-36 (lower=worse) pain=42.6/100 (SD=29.0); mean VAS pain=48.6/100 (SD=25.1); mean PCS=18.1/52 (SD=13.2) | – | Low (8) |
| Nielsen (2017)29 | FMS | Proportion reporting slight to moderate pain=24/60 (40%); severe to extreme=28/60 (47%) Mean SF-36 (lower=worse) pain=38.9/100 (SD=30.2) | – | Low (8) |
| Stone (2010)14 | FW | Proportion reporting pain (other than affected limb)=68/107 (64%); back=39/107 (36%); affected limb=35/107 (33%); muscle=30/107 (28%); joint=29/107 (27%); neck=20/107 (19%) Median SF-36 (lower=worse) pain=33/100 (IQR=22–44) | Other neurological weakness: other than affected limb=16/46 (35%); back=8/46 (17%); affected limb=9/46 (20%); muscle=6/46 (13%); joint=4/46 (9%); neck=1/46 (2%) | Moderate (6) |
| Reuber (2007)30 | FNS | Proportion reporting pain=~19/91 (>20%) Mean SF-36 (lower=worse) pain=5.9/11 (SD=2.7) | – | Moderate (6) |
| Gandolfi (2022)35 | FMD | Proportion reporting pain=44/64 (69%) Mean BPI=19.3/40 (SD=13.5) intensity; 29.3/70 (SD=24.4) interference | – | Moderate (6) |
| Gandolfi (2021)36 | FMD | Proportion reporting pain=26/33 (79%) Mean BPI=19.21/40 (SD=11.92) intensity; 33.58/70 (SD=24.89) interference | – | Low (7) |
| Van der Feltz-Cornelis (2020)34 | FND | Proportion reporting pain=54/62 (87%) Patients with BPI≥3 (‘pain of clinical significance’) = 52/62 (84%) | – | Moderate (6) |
| Serranová (2019)79 | FMD | Proportion reporting lower limb pain=56/90 (62%) Mean VAS pain in past 4 weeks=5.6/10 (SD=3) | Healthy controls=9/76 (12%) | Low (7) |
| Sandri (2022)80 | FMD | Proportion reporting moderate or severe pain=18/60 (30%) Mean pain score=2.81/5 (SD=1.37) | – | Moderate (5) |
| Gelauff (2019)13 | FMD | Median SF-36 (lower=worse) pain (107 patients): Baseline=33/100 (IQR=35) Follow-up (mean 14 years)=20/100 (IQR=20) | Median SF-36 (lower=worse) pain (neurological controls): Baseline (38 patients)=50/100 (IQR=24) Follow-up (23 patients)=20/100 (IQR=20) | Low (8) |
| Gelauff (2018)81 | FMD | Median SF-36 (lower=worse) pain (181 patients)=46/100 (IQR=57) | – | Moderate (5) |
| Zutt (2017)16 | FJ | Median SF-36 (lower=worse) pain (16 patients)=49/100 (IQR=52) | Median SF-36 (lower=worse) pain (23 patients with cortical myoclonus)=80/100 (IQR=33) | Moderate (6) |
| Kuyk (2008)31 | FS | Mean SF-36 (lower=worse) pain (22 patients)=58.5/100 | – | Moderate (6) |
| Teodoro (2022)82 | FCD | Median PainDETECT (19 patients)=6/38 (IQR=2–11) | Median PainDETECT (23 healthy controls)=1/38 (IQR=0–5) | Moderate (6) |
| Forejtová (2022)83 | mFND | Median PainDETECT (152 patients)=~6/10 (IQR=~4–8) | – | Low (8) |
| Hanzlíková (2019)32 | FMD | Mean pain scores (22 patients): Current=5.0/10 (SD=2.9); average=6.3/10 (SD=2.4); maximal=7.6/10 (SD=2.4) | Mean pain scores (22 healthy controls): Current=0.1/10 (SD=0.3); average=1.9/10 (SD=2.0); maximal=1.0/10 (SD=1.1) | Low (7) |
| Věchetová (2018)33 | FMD | Mean pain scores (61 patients): Current=4.2/10 (SD=3); average=5.5/10 (SD=3); maximal=6.9/10 (SD=3) | Mean pain scores (61 healthy controls): Current=0.9/10 (SD=1); average=1.4/10 (SD=2); maximal=2.7/10 (SD=3) | Low (8) |
| Morgante (2018)84 | FD | Mean pain scores (12 patients): Severity=4.8/10 (SD=2.0); duration=3 years (SD=1.3); disability=2.3/5 (SD=0.9) | Mean pain scores (10 patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia): Severity=7.2/10 (SD=3.3); duration=3.9 years (SD=2.9 years); disability=2.6/5 (SD=1.6) | Low (7) |
BPI, Brief Pain Inventory; FD, functional dystonia; FJ, functional jerks; FMD, functional movement disorder; FMS, functional movement symptoms; FND, functional neurological disorder; FNS, functional neurological symptoms; FS, functional seizures; FW, functional weakness; mFND, motor FND; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale ; PCS, Pain Catastrophising Scale; SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Survey; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.