FSMC total trajectories according to FSMC total starting values | ||||
Low | Mild | Moderate | Severe | |
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Age, years | ||||
18–29 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
30–44 | 0.94 (0.72 to 1.23) | 1.10 (0.83 to 1.46) | 1.33 (0.96 to 1.84) | 1.26 (0.86 to 1.83) |
>44 | 0.87 (0.58 to 1.32) | 0.87 (0.57 to 1.35) | 0.74 (0.46 to 1.19) | 0.86 (0.49 to 1.51) |
Female vs male | 1.62 (1.08 to 2.43) | 2.40 (1.56 to 3.69) | 2.96 (1.78 to 4.92) | 7.01 (3.65 to 13.48) |
Born in Sweden vs born outside Sweden | 0.87 (0.42 to 1.81) | 0.70 (0.32 to 1.50) | 0.64 (0.26 to 1.55) | 0.53 (0.19 to 1.50) |
Years of education >12 versus ≤12 | 1.18 (0.74 to 1.90) | 0.90 (0.55 to 1.46) | 0.78 (0.43 to 1.41) | 0.91 (0.44 to 1.85) |
Disability pension previous year*, days | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) |
Sick leave previous year*, days | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) |
Comorbidity ≥1† vs none | 1.10 (0.45 to 2.71) | 1.80 (0.75 to 4.33) | 1.50 (0.51 to 4.45) | 0.90 (0.27 to 3.07) |
History of depression‡, yes vs no | 2.47 (0.21 to 28.73) | 4.04 (0.35 to 46.17) | 14.89 (1.17 to 189.50) | 11.51 (0.85 to 155.96) |
History of anxiety‡, yes vs no | 2.94 (0.80 to 10.79) | 1.82 (0.47 to 7.04) | 2.19 (0.50 to 9.54) | 3.03 (0.60 to 15.15) |
History of other psychiatric comorbidities‡§, yes vs no | 1.27 (0.36 to 4.50) | 1.57 (0.45 to 5.50) | 0.75 (0.18 to 3.11) | 1.91 (0.46 to 7.99) |
History of antidepressants treatment¶, yes vs no | 1.90 (0.66 to 5.46) | 2.40 (0.81 to 7.13) | 2.97 (0.91 to 9.69) | 3.04 (0.87 to 10.58) |
History of anxiolytics treatment¶, yes vs no | 1.00 (0.27 to 3.78) | 0.27 (0.06 to 1.19) | 0.47 (0.09 to 2.37) | 0.43 (0.07 to 2.56) |
History of symptomatic fatigue treatment¶, yes vs no | 0.52 (0.02 to 11.97) | 1.28 (0.07 to 23.24) | 0.58 (0.02 to 16.86) | 0.81 (0.02 to 27.32) |
History of sleeping aids treatment¶, yes vs no | 0.54 (0.23 to 1.28) | 0.54 (0.22 to 1.35) | 0.25 (0.09 to 0.68) | 0.31 (0.10 to 0.97) |
History of pain treatment¶, yes vs no | 1.06 (0.63 to 1.77) | 1.12 (0.66 to 1.92) | 1.52 (0.80 to 2.88) | 2.39 (1.16 to 4.96) |
DMT | ||||
Rituximab | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Dimethyl fumarate | 0.82 (0.48 to 1.40) | 0.96 (0.55 to 1.69) | 0.79 (0.38 to 1.62) | 0.96 (0.42 to 2.19) |
Fingolimod | 1.10 (0.49 to 2.48) | 1.09 (0.46 to 2.61) | 0.45 (0.14 to 1.46) | 0.65 (0.17 to 2.52) |
Glatiramer acetate | 1.27 (0.39 to 4.13) | 1.07 (0.29 to 3.95) | 2.50 (0.51 to 12.17) | 1.93 (0.31 to 12.03) |
Interferon** | 0.29 (0.13 to 0.66) | 0.40 (0.19 to 0.87) | 0.24 (0.09 to 0.66) | 0.21 (0.08 to 0.61) |
Natalizumab | 1.52 (0.85 to 2.73) | 1.26 (0.67 to 2.38) | 1.18 (0.56 to 2.49) | 0.90 (0.38 to 2.17) |
Teriflunomide | 3.43 (1.02 to 11.54) | 2.82 (0.77 to 10.32) | 5.71 (1.28 to 25.42) | 8.13 (1.53 to 43.08) |
MS duration >10 years versus ≤10 years | 0.69 (0.35 to 1.34) | 1.09 (0.56 to 2.12) | 0.79 (0.35 to 1.80) | 0.74 (0.27 to 2.04) |
Any relapse vs none in the previous year | 0.70 (0.44 to 1.11) | 0.63 (0.39 to 1.02) | 0.70 (0.39 to 1.24) | 0.83 (0.43 to 1.60) |
Any new cerebral lesions vs none in the previous year | 1.12 (0.72 to 1.74) | 0.87 (0.54 to 1.40) | 0.97 (0.55 to 1.71) | 0.76 (0.37 to 1.53) |
FSMC total score | 1.14 (1.05 to 1.24) | 1.24 (1.14 to 1.34) | 1.32 (1.22 to 1.43) | 1.47 (1.32 to 1.65) |
EDSS score | 1.02 (0.81 to 1.30) | 1.21 (0.92 to 1.59) | 1.08 (0.78 to 1.48) | 1.14 (0.77 to 1.67) |
SDMT score | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) | 0.98 (0.96 to 1.01) | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) | 0.97 (0.94 to 1.01) |
MSIS-29 physical score | 0.96 (0.93 to 1.00) | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.03) | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.01) | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.06) |
MSIS-29 psychological score | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.05) | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.06) |
EQ-5D VAS score | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.03) | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03) |
MS-symptoms inventory score | 1.49 (1.20 to 1.87) | 1.45 (1.13 to 1.86) | 1.76 (1.41 to 2.20) | 1.79 (1.36 to 2.36) |
*Restricted to participants 18–64 years old.
†Diagnosed within 5 years prior to DMT start according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index.
‡Diagnosed within 5 years prior to DMT start.
§All mental and behavioural disorders except depression and anxiety disorders.
¶Dispensed prescribed drugs within 1 year prior to DMT start.
**Interferon beta-1a, peginterferon beta-1a and interferon beta-1b.
DMT, disease-modifying therapy; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; EQ-5D VAS, EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale; FSMC, Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Function; MS, multiple sclerosis; MSIS-29, MS Impact Scale; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test.