Table 2

ORs of belonging to fatigue trajectories (compared with the no fatigue one) in a multivariable model including region of residence and excluding FSMC total, in addition to all potential predictors listed, n=1587 participants with RRMS on first DMT

FSMC total trajectories according to FSMC total starting values
LowMildModerateSevere
OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)
Age, years
 18–29Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 30–440.94 (0.72 to 1.23)1.10 (0.83 to 1.46)1.33 (0.96 to 1.84)1.26 (0.86 to 1.83)
 >440.87 (0.58 to 1.32)0.87 (0.57 to 1.35)0.74 (0.46 to 1.19)0.86 (0.49 to 1.51)
Female vs male1.62 (1.08 to 2.43)2.40 (1.56 to 3.69)2.96 (1.78 to 4.92)7.01 (3.65 to 13.48)
Born in Sweden vs born outside Sweden0.87 (0.42 to 1.81)0.70 (0.32 to 1.50)0.64 (0.26 to 1.55)0.53 (0.19 to 1.50)
Years of education >12 versus ≤121.18 (0.74 to 1.90)0.90 (0.55 to 1.46)0.78 (0.43 to 1.41)0.91 (0.44 to 1.85)
Disability pension previous year*, days1.00 (0.99 to 1.00)1.00 (0.99 to 1.00)1.00 (0.99 to 1.01)1.00 (0.99 to 1.01)
Sick leave previous year*, days1.00 (0.99 to 1.01)1.00 (1.00 to 1.01)1.01 (1.00 to 1.02)1.01 (1.00 to 1.02)
Comorbidity ≥1† vs none1.10 (0.45 to 2.71)1.80 (0.75 to 4.33)1.50 (0.51 to 4.45)0.90 (0.27 to 3.07)
History of depression‡, yes vs no2.47 (0.21 to 28.73)4.04 (0.35 to 46.17)14.89 (1.17 to 189.50)11.51 (0.85 to 155.96)
History of anxiety‡, yes vs no2.94 (0.80 to 10.79)1.82 (0.47 to 7.04)2.19 (0.50 to 9.54)3.03 (0.60 to 15.15)
History of other psychiatric comorbidities‡§, yes vs no1.27 (0.36 to 4.50)1.57 (0.45 to 5.50)0.75 (0.18 to 3.11)1.91 (0.46 to 7.99)
History of antidepressants treatment¶, yes vs no1.90 (0.66 to 5.46)2.40 (0.81 to 7.13)2.97 (0.91 to 9.69)3.04 (0.87 to 10.58)
History of anxiolytics treatment¶, yes vs no1.00 (0.27 to 3.78)0.27 (0.06 to 1.19)0.47 (0.09 to 2.37)0.43 (0.07 to 2.56)
History of symptomatic fatigue treatment¶, yes vs no0.52 (0.02 to 11.97)1.28 (0.07 to 23.24)0.58 (0.02 to 16.86)0.81 (0.02 to 27.32)
History of sleeping aids treatment¶, yes vs no0.54 (0.23 to 1.28)0.54 (0.22 to 1.35)0.25 (0.09 to 0.68)0.31 (0.10 to 0.97)
History of pain treatment¶, yes vs no1.06 (0.63 to 1.77)1.12 (0.66 to 1.92)1.52 (0.80 to 2.88)2.39 (1.16 to 4.96)
DMT
 RituximabRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.
 Dimethyl fumarate0.82 (0.48 to 1.40)0.96 (0.55 to 1.69)0.79 (0.38 to 1.62)0.96 (0.42 to 2.19)
 Fingolimod1.10 (0.49 to 2.48)1.09 (0.46 to 2.61)0.45 (0.14 to 1.46)0.65 (0.17 to 2.52)
 Glatiramer acetate1.27 (0.39 to 4.13)1.07 (0.29 to 3.95)2.50 (0.51 to 12.17)1.93 (0.31 to 12.03)
 Interferon**0.29 (0.13 to 0.66)0.40 (0.19 to 0.87)0.24 (0.09 to 0.66)0.21 (0.08 to 0.61)
 Natalizumab1.52 (0.85 to 2.73)1.26 (0.67 to 2.38)1.18 (0.56 to 2.49)0.90 (0.38 to 2.17)
 Teriflunomide3.43 (1.02 to 11.54)2.82 (0.77 to 10.32)5.71 (1.28 to 25.42)8.13 (1.53 to 43.08)
MS duration >10 years versus ≤10 years0.69 (0.35 to 1.34)1.09 (0.56 to 2.12)0.79 (0.35 to 1.80)0.74 (0.27 to 2.04)
Any relapse vs none in the previous year0.70 (0.44 to 1.11)0.63 (0.39 to 1.02)0.70 (0.39 to 1.24)0.83 (0.43 to 1.60)
Any new cerebral lesions vs none in the previous year1.12 (0.72 to 1.74)0.87 (0.54 to 1.40)0.97 (0.55 to 1.71)0.76 (0.37 to 1.53)
FSMC total score1.14 (1.05 to 1.24)1.24 (1.14 to 1.34)1.32 (1.22 to 1.43)1.47 (1.32 to 1.65)
EDSS score1.02 (0.81 to 1.30)1.21 (0.92 to 1.59)1.08 (0.78 to 1.48)1.14 (0.77 to 1.67)
SDMT score0.99 (0.97 to 1.02)0.98 (0.96 to 1.01)0.98 (0.95 to 1.01)0.97 (0.94 to 1.01)
MSIS-29 physical score0.96 (0.93 to 1.00)0.99 (0.95 to 1.03)0.97 (0.93 to 1.01)1.01 (0.97 to 1.06)
MSIS-29 psychological score1.01 (0.99 to 1.03)1.02 (1.00 to 1.04)1.02 (1.00 to 1.05)1.03 (1.01 to 1.06)
EQ-5D VAS score1.02 (1.00 to 1.04)1.00 (0.98 to 1.02)1.00 (0.98 to 1.03)1.01 (0.98 to 1.03)
MS-symptoms inventory score1.49 (1.20 to 1.87)1.45 (1.13 to 1.86)1.76 (1.41 to 2.20)1.79 (1.36 to 2.36)
  • *Restricted to participants 18–64 years old.

  • †Diagnosed within 5 years prior to DMT start according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index.

  • ‡Diagnosed within 5 years prior to DMT start.

  • §All mental and behavioural disorders except depression and anxiety disorders.

  • ¶Dispensed prescribed drugs within 1 year prior to DMT start.

  • **Interferon beta-1a, peginterferon beta-1a and interferon beta-1b.

  • DMT, disease-modifying therapy; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; EQ-5D VAS, EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale; FSMC, Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Function; MS, multiple sclerosis; MSIS-29, MS Impact Scale; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test.