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Thalamus pathology in multiple sclerosis: from biology to clinical application

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Abstract

There is a broad consensus that MS represents more than an inflammatory disease: it harbors several characteristic aspects of a classical neurodegenerative disorder, i.e. damage to axons, synapses and nerve cell bodies. While the clinician is equipped with appropriate tools to dampen peripheral cell recruitment and, thus, is able to prevent immune-cell driven relapses, effective therapeutic options to prevent the simultaneously progressing neurodegeneration are still missing. Furthermore, while several sophisticated paraclinical methods exist to monitor the inflammatory-driven aspects of the disease, techniques to monitor progression of early neurodegeneration are still in their infancy and have not been convincingly validated. In this review article, we aim to elaborate why the thalamus with its multiple reciprocal connections is sensitive to pathological processes occurring in different brain regions, thus acting as a “barometer” for diffuse brain parenchymal damage in MS. The thalamus might be, thus, an ideal region of interest to test the effectiveness of new neuroprotective MS drugs. Especially, we will address underlying pathological mechanisms operant during thalamus degeneration in MS, such as trans-neuronal or Wallerian degeneration. Furthermore, we aim at giving an overview about different paraclinical methods used to estimate the extent of thalamic pathology in MS patients, and we discuss their limitations. Finally, thalamus involvement in different MS animal models will be described, and their relevance for the design of preclinical trials elaborated.

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Acknowledgments

M. Kipp and N. Wagenknecht received financial support from Novartis/Germany.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Markus Kipp, Nina Wagenknecht, Cordian Beyer & Sebastian Samer

  2. Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medicine Goettingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany

    Jens Wuerfel

  3. NeuroCure, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany

    Jens Wuerfel

  4. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Omid Nikoubashman

  5. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany

    Omid Nikoubashman

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  1. Markus Kipp
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Correspondence to Markus Kipp.

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J. Wuerfel and O. Nikoubashman contributed equally as senior authors of this manuscript.

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Kipp, M., Wagenknecht, N., Beyer, C. et al. Thalamus pathology in multiple sclerosis: from biology to clinical application. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 72, 1127–1147 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1787-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1787-9

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