Elsevier

Neurotherapeutics

Volume 11, Issue 1, January 2014, Pages 139-152
Neurotherapeutics

Review
Treatment of Dystonia

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-013-0231-4Get rights and content
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Abstract

Selecting the appropriate treatment for dystonia begins with proper classification of disease based on age, distribution, and underlying etiology. The therapies available for dystonia include oral medications, botulinum toxin, and surgical procedures. Oral medications are generally reserved for generalized and segmental dystonia. Botulinum toxin revolutionized the treatment of focal dystonia when it was introduced for therapeutic purposes in the 1980s. Surgical procedures are available for medication-refractory dystonia, markedly affecting an individual's quality of life.

Key Words

Dystonia
cervical dystonia
blepharospasm
trihexyphenidyl
botulinum toxin
deep brain stimulation

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