Evidence for a quantitative association between EMG stretch responses and Parkinsonian rigidity
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Cited by (93)
Clinical neurophysiology of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism
2022, Clinical Neurophysiology PracticeREM sleep without atonia is associated with increased rigidity in patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease
2020, Clinical NeurophysiologyCitation Excerpt :The mechanisms contributing to the expression of rigidity are poorly understood but alterations in the excitability of both cortical and subcortical pathways mediating long-latency stretch reflexes (Rothwell et al., 1983; Tatton and Lee, 1975) and stretch induced co-activation of agonist-antagonist (Xia, 2011; Xia et al., 2009, 2006; Xia and Rymer, 2004) have been proposed. Early studies of rigidity pathophysiology identified that the long-latency component of the stretch reflex evoked by rapidly imposed displacements of the upper limb was abnormally enhanced in PD (Berardelli et al., 1983; Mortimer and Webster, 1979; Rothwell et al., 1983; Tatton and Lee, 1975). In the hand and wrist muscles, the long-latency stretch reflex occurs after the spinally mediated short-latency stretch reflex and is thought to be mediated, in part, by a polysynaptic transcortical pathway via the primary motor cortex (Angel and Lemon, 1975; Cheney and Fetz, 1984; MacKinnon et al., 2000; Matthews, 1991).
Ultrasound strain elastography in assessment of resting biceps brachii muscle stiffness in patients with Parkinson's disease: A primary observation
2016, Clinical ImagingCitation Excerpt :The ICC for intraobserver and interobserver variation in performing strain ratio measurements was 0.88 and 0.84, respectively. Muscle rigidity as the change in muscle mechanical properties (stiffness) affects joint activity and quality of life in the patient with PD [20]. Therefore, it is important to objectively quantify muscle rigidity in PD management.
Stretch reflex spatial threshold measure discriminates between spasticity and rigidity
2013, Clinical NeurophysiologyCitation Excerpt :Exaggerated ST sensitivity to velocity in spasticity may cause the frequent occurrence of clasp-knife responses (Delwaide et al., 2000) as well as long-lasting terminal oscillations of the arm after unloading in post-stroke patients (Levin and Dimov, 1997). Dynamic sensitivity of STs can be regulated by γ-dynamic motoneurons mediated by different descending systems, including the corticospinal system that also mediates transcortical velocity dependent reflexes (Tatton and Lee, 1975; Mortimer and Webster, 1979; Berardelli et al., 1983; Rothwell et al., 1983; Meara and Cody, 1992). The velocity-dependent modulation of STs can also be controlled by spinal interneurons that presynaptically modulate the influences of Ia afferents on α-motoneurons.
Both L-DOPA and HFS-STN restore the enhanced group II spinal reflex excitation to a normal level in patients with Parkinson's disease
2011, Clinical NeurophysiologyCitation Excerpt :On the basis of experimental studies, a causal relationship has been proposed between rigidity (one of the cardinal clinical features of Parkinson’s disease (PD)) and the enhanced long latency response (LLR) to muscle stretch observed in a variety of upper limb muscles in PD patients (Berardelli et al., 1983; Mortimer and Webster, 1979; Rothwell et al., 1983; Tatton et al., 1984).
Initial clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease: features and pathophysiological mechanisms
2009, The Lancet NeurologyCitation Excerpt :On the other hand, a fundamental role for the stretch reflex must be considered. Classic physiological studies have shown that rigidity is abolished by dorsal root sectioning or by local dural injection of anaesthetics supporting a reflexive origin.58 The latter finding led to many studies of spinal cord excitability in the 1960s and 1970s.