Arteriolosclerotic leucoencephalopathy in the elderly and its relation to white matter lesions in Binswanger's disease, multi-infarct encephalopathy and Alzheimer's disease
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2020, Revue NeurologiqueCitation Excerpt :Large studies such as the Rotterdam study [10], the Cardio-Vascular Health Study, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community (ARIC) study [11] and in France, the Three City (3 C) study [12] provided key information concerning the risk factors and clinical correlates of such lesions developing with aging [13]. In parallel to these studies, a profusion of small or large cross-sectional and longitudinal studies was reported in elderly individuals in various clinical contexts particularly after stroke, cognitive complaints or decline [14] or even after the occurrence of dementia [6]. The results of all of these epidemiological MRI studies showed that WMH are frequently detected in elderly people.
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2018, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyCitation Excerpt :The combination of vascular disease and Alzheimer disease is not uncommon (Delay and Brion, 1962; Tomlinson et al., 1970; Snowdon et al., 1997; Schneider et al., 2004; Chui et al., 2006). This is due to the fact that atherosclerosis, hypertension, small blood vessel diseases, and vascular leukoencephalopathy are frequent in old age (Ferrer et al., 1990), and because Alzheimer disease-related pathology occurs in about 85% of individuals aged 65, and frequency and severity increase with age (Ferrer, 2012). Curiously, α-synucleinopathies, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-tau and FTLD-TDP43, and prionopathies show a lower prevalence of co-occurring cerebrovascular disease than does Alzheimer disease.
Cognitive impairment of vascular origin: Neuropathology of cognitive impairment of vascular origin
2010, Journal of the Neurological SciencesSubcortical ischaemic vascular dementia
2002, Lancet NeurologyCitation Excerpt :Below a critical perfusion threshold, selective cell loss may occur without pronounced infarction or cystic necrosis. Selective neuronal loss occurs in the penumbra surrounding acute infarcts,25 whereas selective loss of oligodendrocytes, myelin, and axons occurs in deep white matter of patients with severe stenosis of medullary arterioles.27,28 This selective loss of tissue elements due to ischaemia is known as incomplete infarction22,25,29 and may occur when systemic blood pressure drops below autoregulatory reserve, intracranial pressure exceeds mean arterial pressure, or there is severe stenosis of several arteries or arterioles.27,29