An experimental investigation on the nature of extinction
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Cited by (97)
Investigating visuo-spatial neglect and visual extinction during intracranial electrical stimulations: The role of the right inferior parietal cortex
2021, NeuropsychologiaCitation Excerpt :Early accounts of extinction were in terms of sensory impairment (Bender, 1952), according to which it might result from sensory imbalance due to weakened or delayed afferent inputs in the affected hemisphere rather than from attentional factors. By contrast, more recent interpretations suggest that higher-order processing impairments contribute to extinction, which is considered a neglect syndrome component (Bisiach and Vallar, 2000; di Pellegrino and de Renzi, 1995; Vallar, 1998, Box 2). Extinction of the visual or tactile contralateral stimulus may occur after both left and right brain damage, but a closer association with damage to the right hemisphere has been repeatedly reported (Bisiach et al., 1989; Gainotti et al., 1989; Meador et al., 1988; Schwartz et al., 1979; Becker and Karnath, 2007).
Mechanisms and anatomy of unilateral extinction after brain injury
2012, NeuropsychologiaCitation Excerpt :Although impaired processing of single contralesional stimuli after unilateral brain damage can occur in absence of extinction (Habekost & Rostrup, 2006; Smania et al., 1998), the severity of impairments for single contralesional processing has been shown to correlate with extinction severity (Habekost & Rostrup, 2006; Marzi et al., 1996; Schwartz et al., 1979). Furthermore, extinction severity can be ameliorated by increasing the sensory signal strength of the contralesional stimulus (di Pellegrino & de Renzi, 1995; Kluger et al., 2008; Oppenheim, 1885; Pavlovskaya, Soroker, & Bonneh, 2007). On the other hand, extinction is not fully abolished even if the strengths of the contralesional and ipsilesional sensory signal are equated by measuring detection thresholds separately for each side on unilateral trials, then setting the stimulus strengths during double stimulation relative to those separate single thresholds (Pavlovskaya et al., 2007, see Fig. 1).
Spatial attention deficits in humans: The critical role of superior compared to inferior parietal lesions
2012, NeuropsychologiaCitation Excerpt :This interference effect depends on the relative position of the distracter with respect to the target: if the distracter is on the same horizontal axis as the target, interference is much stronger than when it is on a vertical axis with respect to the target or on a diagonal axis (Fig. 2a) (Molenberghs et al., 2008). The interference is present regardless of whether target and distracter are presented symmetrically or asymmetrically between hemifields (di Pellegrino & deRenzi, 1995) or within hemifields (Molenberghs et al., 2008). According to a VLSM analysis of 20 cases with unifocal cortical lesions, the interference effect is associated with damage of IPL, extending into the lower bank of IPS (Fig. 2b, green) (Molenberghs et al., 2008).
Auditory extinction and spatio-temporal order judgment in patients with left- and right-hemisphere lesions
2012, NeuropsychologiaCitation Excerpt :Some authors argue for a sensory component underlying extinction based on lesions affecting the ascending pathway and/or sensory cortex (De Renzi et al., 1984; Vallar et al., 1994). Contrasting this notion are the findings of (i) the intact perception of singular unilateral stimuli (Baylis et al., 2002; Di Pellegrino & De Renzi, 1995), (ii) extinction after non-sensory cortex lesions (De Renzi et al., 1984; Karnath et al., 2003; Rorden, Mattingley, Karnath, & Driver, 1997), and (iii) the implicit processing of information about extinguished stimuli (Deouell & Soroker, 2000; Shisler, Gore, & Baylis, 2004). Alternative explanations assume an underlying attentional deficit (Kerkhoff, 2001), based on the notion of two opponent hemispheric processors, each of them directing attention toward the contralateral side of space.