Effect of GPi pallidotomy on motor function in Parkinson's disease
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The pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease tremor
2022, Journal of the Neurological SciencesCitation Excerpt :Crucially, this is confirmed by clinical intervention studies showing that targeting either basal ganglia or (parts of) the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit are effective in the treatment of PD tremor. For instance, stereotactic lesioning of both basal ganglia (GPi, STN) and the thalamus (VIM) either via DBS or neurosurgical disruption is an effective treatment of PD tremor [60–62]. Furthermore, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), show that rest and postural tremor in PD can be temporarily suppressed (tremor resetting) by delivering single-pulse TMS to M1 [63–66].
The clinical and electrophysiological investigation of tremor
2022, Clinical NeurophysiologyCerebral—deep
2022, Essential NeuromodulationConveyance of cortical pacing for parkinsonian tremor-like hyperkinetic behavior by subthalamic dysrhythmia
2021, Cell ReportsCitation Excerpt :Because neurons (the “tremor cells”) in the globus pallidus pars internus (GPi) (Lozano et al., 1995; Hurtado et al., 1999), the STN (Hutchison et al., 1998; Krack et al., 1998; Rodriguez et al., 1998), and the thalamus (Lenz et al., 1988, 1990) could all exhibit oscillatory discharges, it was proposed that the local thalamic network may generate tremor oscillations, and then propagate the activities to the cortex and subsequently the BG (Duval et al., 2016; Deuschl et al., 2000; Helmich et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2017). Although deep brain stimulation of the STN may also reduce tremor and propulsion (Lozano et al., 1995; Obeso et al., 2001; Helmich, 2018), the roles of the STN and the neural process in the cortex-STN-GPi-thalamus loop in the genesis of tremors remain unclear. Similar to many other central neurons, STN neurons may discharge in either the tonic mode (characterized by single spikes that “relay” the information from the synaptic input) or the burst mode (characterized by autonomous or semi-autonomous repeating groups of densely packed spikes that, in the conventional view, are reluctant to respond to external input and thus tend to segregate a neuron or a neural circuit from the others) (McCormick and Fesser, 1990; Beurrier et al., 1999; Do and Bean, 2003).