Effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on the micturation reflex in cats
Section snippets
Experimental procedures
Experiments were done on 15 adult male cats (3.2–4.0 kg) under anesthesia with ketamine (initial injection of 20 mg/kg i.m., maintained injections of 5 mg/kg when necessary with regard to blood pressure). The trachea was intubated and catheters were placed in the femoral artery to monitor blood pressure and in the femoral vein for drug administration. A double-lumen urinary catheter was inserted into the bladder transurethrally to measure bladder pressure and to regulate bladder volume.
Electrical stimulation in the STN
Electrical stimulation applied in the STN elicited termination and succeeding inhibition of the micturition reflex, most of which comprised bladder relaxation and sphincter contraction in a synergistic manner (positive responses, n=72). The typical response of bladder pressure and sphincter EMG to the electrical stimulation is seen in Fig. 1, and the anatomical location of the stimulations is shown in Fig. 2. None of the responses was facilitatory in the STN. Threshold of the amplitude of the
Discussion
Since the basal ganglia is thought to have major inhibitory influence on the micturition reflex Albanese et al., 1988, de Groat et al., 1993, Yoshimura et al., 1992, HFS of the STN may potentially alter the micturition function, although there is no neurophysiological data available to our knowledge. This is the first report to show evidence that electrical stimulation of the STN inhibited the isovolumetric spontaneous micturition reflexes in ketamine-anaesthetized cats. Behavioural effects
Conclusion
The results of the present study showed that HFS-STN inhibited the micturition reflex and there were micturition-related neuronal firings in the STN in cats, suggesting the STN may be involved in neural control of micturition.
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2014, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :In parkinsonian patients, disruption or decrease of transmission through the direct pathway may lead to detrusor overactivity and resultant urinary urgency / frequency (Sakakibara et al., 2010). Although no direct connection between the basal ganglia and PMC has been described, it has been suggested that the “direct pathway” of the motor circuit sends collateral GABAergic projections, thus inhibiting the BN (Sakakibara et al., 2003) (Fig. 2A). In addition, D1 dopaminergic receptors have been implicated in the control of GABAergic neurons in the PAG, where GABAergic inhibition also plays an important role in the control of micturition (De Groat and Wickens, 2013).
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