Hemispheric asymmetries in the threshold for eliciting motor evoked potentials (MEPs) with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are associated with hand preference. We posited that hemispheric asymmetries in TMS thresholds may be strongly correlated with some hand-differences in motor performance. MEPs result from the activation of neuronal networks targeting large cortical motoneurons. Thus, MEP thresholds might reflect physiological features of the corticospinal motor system. Considering the role of corticospinal pathways in the control of independent finger movement, we hypothesized that MEP thresholds would better predict speed and dexterity than strength. In 30 right-handers and 30 left-handers, we correlated right and left hand-differences in the threshold for eliciting MEPs with hand-differences in the performance of three manual tasks: finger-tapping speed, pegboard dexterity, and grip strength. Correlations of hand-differences in TMS thresholds with hand-differences in performance indicated that a lower TMS threshold for one hand is strongly associated with greater ability with that hand. The correlations of hand-differences in TMS thresholds with hand-differences in finger-tapping and pegboard dexterity were significantly larger than the correlation of hand-differences in TMS thresholds with hand-differences in grip strength. Our results indicate that hemispheric asymmetries in MEP thresholds may have functional significance related to basic parameters of movement. These results are consistent with the critical role of the corticospinal motor system in the control of independent finger movement. Furthermore, they imply that asymmetry in the corticospinal motor system may be an important substrate for asymmetries in hand preference and performance.