Studies in Canada have provided strong evidence that environmental factors act at a
population level to influence the unusual geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is probably aetiologically heterogeneous. Systematic genetic
epidemiological and molecular genetic studies have provided important insights. Both …

Background Recombinant interferons have been approved by many national regulatory
agencies for treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, but widespread discussion …

Several schemes for the diagnosis and clinical classification of multiple sclerosis (MS) have
been advanced [l}. The best known is that published by Schumacher et alC31. The criteria …

Background Previous trials of interferon β in multiple sclerosis (MS) have shown efficacy, but
the degree of clinical benefit remains uncertain, and the optimum dose is not known. We …

Background Incidence of multiple sclerosis is thought to be increasing, but this notion has
been difficult to substantiate. In a longitudinal population-based dataset of patients with …

Initially thought to play a restricted role in calcium homeostasis, the pleiotropic actions of
vitamin D in biology and their clinical significance are only now becoming apparent …

The relationship of relapses to long-term disability in multiple sclerosis is uncertain. Relapse
reduction is a common therapeutic target but clinical trials have shown dissociation between …

The aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is uncertain. There is strong circumstantial evidence
to indicate it is an autoimmune complex trait1–3. Risks for first degree relatives are …

Results from studies of twin concordance in multiple sclerosis have not conclusively
differentiated between environmental and genetic factors that determine susceptibility to the …