Vascular comorbidities are common in the general population and are associated with
adverse health outcomes. In people with multiple sclerosis (MS), an increasing amount of …

Objective A protective association between higher vitamin D levels and the onset of multiple
sclerosis (MS) has been demonstrated; however, its role in modulating MS clinical course …

Background Anxiety and depression are common in multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated
the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety, depression and fatigue at the 5‐year …

Background A female/male (F/M) ratio increase over time in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients
was demonstrated in many countries around the world. So far, a direct comparison of sex …

We reviewed the evidence for the co-occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and
multiple sclerosis (MS), and assessed the clinical significance of this association and the …

Background: There is accumulating data suggesting an association between serum lipids,
apolipoproteins and disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: To investigate the …

Objective: To determine whether interferon-β (IFN-β) medication use is associated with
vitamin D levels and whether the two interact in exerting effects on relapse risk. Methods: In …

Background: Some of the strongest associations with MS onset are for human
herpesviruses, particularly Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) …

Background: Little is known about the work productivity loss in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Objectives: To quantify the MS-related work productivity loss and to compare factors …

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients may be at an increased risk of comorbidities
due to the debilitating and chronic nature of the disease. An increased understanding of …